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FAQ

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  1. criminal offence
  2. civil wrong
  3. criminal proceeding
  4. civil proceeding
  5. prosecution
  6. defendant
  7. claimant
  8. criminal record
  9. to pay damages
  10. burden of proof
  11. standard of proof
  12. presumption of innocence
  13. to charge smb. with a criminal offence
  14. to prove the quilt beyond reasonable doubt
  15. to prove the case on a balance of probabilities

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  7. ,

 

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  1. Why do you think the distinction between civil law and criminal law is more important to practicing lawyers than the distinction between public and private law?
  2. What is the difference between criminal law and civil law?
  3. What happens to a defendant if he or she is found guilty?
  4. What happens to a defendant if he or she is found not guilty?
  5. What happens if the proceeding in a civil case results in judgement for the claimant?
  6. What does the presumption of innocence mean?
  7. What is the difference between the burden of proof and the standard of proof?
  8. Why is the standard of proof higher in a criminal action than in a civil one?
  9. What does the principle beyond reasonable doubt mean?
  10. What does the principle on a balance of probabilities mean?

 

, . .

 

  1. Civil law concerns relationships between private persons and the state.
  2. A fine for a criminal offence is paid to a victim.
  3. If the defendant is convicted hell have a criminal record.
  4. The most severe punishment for criminal offences is life imprisonment.
  5. In civil cases a claimant prosecutes a defendant.
  6. It is the duty of the defense to prove that the defendant is innocent.
  7. In a civil case a claimant must prove the quilt of a defendant beyond reasonable doubt.
  8. A person cant be sued and prosecuted for one and the same offence.

 

. .

a person who, the duty, a legal principle when, the standard of proof, the degree of proof, a branch of law
Criminal law Civil law Claimant Defendant Prosecution Burden of proof Standard of proof Presumption of innocence Proof beyond reasonable doubt Proof on a balance of probabilities

, .

  Civil procedure Criminal procedure
the name of the offence     criminal offence
the defendant is sued    
parties of the proceeding      
the burden of proof is on      
the standard of proof is      
if the quilt is proven the defendant is found    
the court decision is called      
possible punishment      

 

7,

    • .

while, whereas, but, and, bothand, neithernor, etc.

Example: In criminal cases the burden of proof falls on the prosecution while in civil actions the burden of proof is on the claimant.

 

 

LANGUAGE IN USE

: damage vs. damages  

 

damage damages. damage , , , , . damages . , ( ). NB: mental distress emotional distress .

 

9. damage damages.

 

  1. The factory in the area is doing irreparable ____________ to the environment.
  2. The hurricane caused great _____________ to the plants.
  3. The defendant got $2000 in _________________.
  4. The victims of the crash were paid $1000 each in ______________.
  5. Although the driver was found not guilty of the criminal offence, the victim of the road accident decided to claim _____________.
  6. This incident caused great _______________ to her career and reputation.
  7. He brought an action for breach of contract against the insurance company, seeking ___________.
  8. Different strikes usually do serious ___________ to the economy.
  9. The court awarded the victim $1500 in _____________.
  10. He was ordered to pay __________ of $300.

 

10. damage damages .

 

law in practice

 

10. . Legal Expert.

Legal Expert. :

  1. , . .
  2. . (), , .
  3. . , . 2-3 .
  4. , , .

 

Some important tips to the experts: Dont forget to thank the guest for the question. If you dont know how to answer the question you may pass it to your colleague. If you see that your colleague needs help, dont hesitate to interfere. If you have already answered this question or mentioned it in your previous answer politely explain it to the guest. If you dont understand the question ask for clarification. You may need the following phrases:

 

  1. This is a very interesting question. Im happy youve asked it.
  2. This is a very complicated question. Im afraid Im not an expert in this field.
  3. This is a very good question. Let me pass it to my colleague who is an expert in this sphere.
  4. May I come in here and explain/clarify some points?
  5. If I could interrupt you for a momentId like to add that
  6. I think I have already mentioned this point in my previous answer.
  7. If I understand you correctly you mean?

 

Some important tips to the guests: Try to be polite. Always thank the expert for his/her answer. If you dont understand the answer ask for clarification. You may need the following phrases:

 

  1. May I address a question to N?
  2. Could you please explain the difference between?
  3. I wonder if you could explain to me
  4. There is one question Id like to ask
  5. Im afraid I didnt get the last point. Could you go over it once again, please?
  6. Im afraid its not clear enough. Could you explain it once again?

 

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