TCP/IP , . IP- .
, , . , , .
3.1 S/MIME
Secure Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (S/MIME)
, MIME, . 1995 RSA Data Security Inc. Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), . , 3.1 , RFC 3850, 3851, 3852. S/MIME ( ):
- ;
- ();
- (). , MIME , ( , html,
- . .). S/MIME (, application/pkcs7-mime application/pkcs7-signature). , , . . , ( , . .).
- .
- S/MIME , . , RC2, DES TripleDES. MD5 SHA1, 3 (- , ). 2 RSA 512 1024 . 3 , - 2048 . X.509. , , . 3.1 , This is a clearsigned message. .
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S/MIME : Mi-crosoft Outlook, Mozilla, The Bat! . . Web-.
3.1 -
S/MIME PGP (. Pretty Good Priva-cy) (Philip Zimmermann) 1991 . OpenPGP, RFC 4880. S/MIME PGP .
SSL TLS
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) Netscape Communications , OSI ( TCP/IP ). 1999 SSL v3.0 TLS v1.0 (Transport Layer Security) TLS v.1.2 RFC 5246. , SSL TLS , , [11]. SSL , - HTTP, FTP, SMTP . . - HTTP ( HTTPS). SSL- web- .
:
1) SSL- ( , . handshake) , , ;
2) .
SSL :
- RSA -;
- - MD5 SHA1;
- RC2,RC4, DES, TripleDES, IDEA.
SSL v 3.0 TLS . - X.509.
SSL :
- ( ) -, , ( );
- ( , );
; SSL , .
. [13].
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1. , , , :
- ; -
(RAND_CL);
- , ( ).
2. :
- SSL-;
- , , ( - , );
- X.509;
- (RAND_SERV).
3. , . , :
- 48- , PreMasterSecret, ;
- PreMasterSecret , , ;
- - (MasterSecret), PreMasterSecret, RAND_CL RAND_SERV;
- MasterSecret, SSL-: -;
- .
4. , , PreMasterSecret ,
:
- - - (MasterSecret), PreMasterSecret, RAND_SERV RAND_CL;
- MasterSecret, SSL-: -;
- .
SSL- , ( , PreMasterSecret RAND_CL RAND_SERV), , .
SSL- , :
- 1 , 2, MasterSecret, ; (MAC), - ;
- , , 2, , 1, MasterSecret; (MAC), ;
- , SSL- , .
. , , , - ( ) .
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SSL- :
- (MAC) MAC ;
- ( , ); , SSL- .
SSL TLS , , HTTP . , SSL , . . , SSL ( - ).
