, . , .
:
, ;
;
, ;
.
, : ; . 5 . , ; . 70% ; (, , , , ); , , , , , , . [2]
. , . . , , , . , , .
, ,
. , , , . , , , , , , - , .
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.
, , .
. , , , -. - .
. . [4]
14 10
. D S B , - :
Da = 1100 - 200P; DB = 600 - 100P; SA = 100P -100; SB = 500P - 600,
.
: ) ; ) ; ) - -; B ; ) .
, , .
. , , .
, - . , , , , .
, 2 ( ) . SA, DA. SB DB.
, (DA SA) . 10 . ., - 200 .
, (DB SB) . 5 . ., - 300 .
, . . , . 1.
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1
, DW SW , , PW QW.
DW DA SA , , . . , 4 . ., , , 2 . .:
Dw = DA - SA
, . . 2 4 . . , , , . SW SB DB , :
Sw = SB DB.
DW. , 2 . (0; 4) Q = 0 = 4. . , = 3 Q = 300 . (Da - SA = 500 - 200). , (300; 3). , 2 DW.
SW . (0; 2) Q = 0 = 2. . , = 3 Q = 450 . (SB - DB = 650 - 200). , (450; 3). , 2 SW.
DW SW, 2 .
X Q, Y - . , :
(Q - Qi) / (Q2 - Qi) = ( - Pi) / (2 - Pi).
, DW SW:
) DW: ) SW:
(Q - 0) / (200 - 0) = ( - 4) / (3 - 4); (Q - 0) / (550 - 0) = ( - 2) / (3 - 2);
-Q = 200 ( - 4); Q =550 ( - 2);
Q = 1200 - 500; Q = 550 - 700;
DW = 1200 - 500. SW = 550 - 700.
DW SW , PW QW. PW :
1500 - 500Pw = 550 - 800;
650Pw = 2000; Pw = 2,9 . .
PW = 2,9 . . (DW SW):
DW = 1500 - 500;
Dw = 1500 - 500PW; Dw= 1500-500-2,9;
DW = 370 .
. 4 2,8 . .
, d . 1, , :
d = 1/2 (5,5 - 4) (300 - 0); d = 1/2 1,5 300; d = 230 . .
a + b + c - .
a + b + c = 1/2 (4 - 2,8) (300 + 540); a + b + c = 1/2 1,2 840; a + b + c = 510 . .
510 . .
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a + b + c + d:
a + b + c + d = 225 + 510;
a + b + c + d = 735. .
, a + e:
a + e = 1/2 (4 - 1) (300 - 0); a + e = 1/2 3 300; a + e = 470 . .
:
a = 1/2 (4 - 2,8) (180 + 300); a = 1/2 1,2 470; a = 290 . .
290 . .
:
e = 550 - 290; e = 260 . .
. B 2 2,9 . .
, + g, , :
+ g = 1/2 (3,7 - 2) (500 - 0); + g = 1/2 1,7 500; + g = 920 . .
g - :
g = 1/2 (2,8 - 2) (500 + 260); g = 1/2 0,8 760; g = 310 . .
310 . .
:
= 920 - 310; = 610 . .
, f
f = i/2 (2 - (-i,3)) (500 - 0); f = i/2 3,3 500; f = 825 . .
g + i:
g + i = i/2 (2,8 - 2) (500 + 620); g + i = i/2 0,8 1120; g + i = 448 . .
448 . .
f + g + i:
f + g + i = 825 + 448; f + g + i = i273 . .
. 504 . ., - 290 . . , 504 - 288 = 216 . .
310 . ., - 448 . . , 448 - 304 = 144 . .
. . :
/ = 216 / 144 = 1,5 .
, 50% , , . . . .
23 2
:
DG = 5400 - 100P; SG = 100P - 600.
1,5 . . 10%.
, .
2 -
3 (. 2), :
1) ;
2) ;
3) 3) .
4) . DG SG . .
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:
DG = SG;
5400 - 100P = 100P - 600;
200 = 6000; = 30 . .;
DG = 500; Q = 500 . .
, (500; 30). g:
g= 1/2 -(5,5-30) -(500-0); g= 1/2 -24,5 -500; g = 625 . .
e + a + h: + + h = 1/2 (30 - 0,5) (500 - 0); + + h = 1/2 29,5 500; e + a + h = 625 . .
( ). , . F, .
2 1,5 . . , F(800; 1,5).
P2 = 1,5 . . , 1 = 30 . .
SG , F, SG + W P2, . . SG + W = P2. SG + W , , .
e + f + a + b + c + d.
e +/+ a + b + + d= 1/2 (30 - 1,5) (500 + 800); e +/+ a + b + + d= 1/2 1,5 1300; e + f + a + b + c + d = 975 . .
625 + 975 = 1600 . .
e + a:
+ = 1/2 (30 - 1,5) (500 + 200); + = 1/2 1,5 700; e + a = 525 . .
625 - 525 = 100 . .
. = 10% (P2 = 1,5 . .) P3 = 2 . .
SG + W = P2 SG + W + , . . . G - . = 2 . ., Qw = 1100 - 200 2 = = 1100-400 = 700 . .
, G(700; 2). .
a + b + c + d:
a + b + c + d= 1/2 (2 - 1,5) (700 + 800); a + b + c + d= 1/2 0,5 1500; a + b + c + d = 375 . .
1600 - 375 = 1225 . .
:
= 1/2 -(2 - 1,5) -(300 + 200);
= 1/2 0,5 500; = 125 . .
100 + 125 = 225 . .
- . , :
= (2- 1,5)-(700-300); = 0,5 400; = 200 . .
b + d, b - , ; d - , , :
b= 1/2 -(2 -1,5) -(300 -200);
b=1/2- 0,5 100;
b = 25 . .;
d = 1/2 -(2 -1,5) -(800 -700);
d=1/2- 0,5 100;
d = 25 . .
25 + 25 = 50 . .
: , 375 . ., 125 . . 200 . . 50 . .
30
, 2/3 1/3 , 3% ( )? , 3% ? , , 3% ?
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, Q = A t xL, a Q n =0, X ( 3,). , , , Q n = A n xL, a (2=0, Y. XY .
3 - /
XY () , , .
(real ex change rate) , .
e = A/
3%
e = (2/3+2∙3%/3)/1/3 = 2.06 %
4,2 %.
3%
e = (2/3)/(1/3 +1*3%/3)= 1,94%.
1. , . JI. : . / . JI. . - .: , 2006. - 310 .
2. , . . / . . . - .: , 2005. - 260 .
3. , . . : . / . . . - .: ., 2006.
4. , . : 2 . / . . - .: , 2003. - 2 .