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Harvard today has nine faculties, namely: the Faculty of Arts and Sciences and its sub-faculty, the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, the Harvard Division of Continuing Education, including Harvard Extension School and Harvard Summer School, the Faculty of

Medicine, including the Medical School and the Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Law School and Harvard Business School. Harvard has several athletic facilities.

The Harvard University Library System, centered in Widener Library in Harvard Yard and comprising over 80 individual libraries and over 15 million volumes, is considered the fourth largest library collection in the world, after the Library of Congress, the British Library, and the French Bibliotheque Nationale. Harvard describes its library as the "largest academic library in the world" and prides itself for being the only one of the world's five "mega-libraries" to have open stacks.

The US News and World Report's "America's Best Colleges 2008" ranked Harvard as the most selective undergraduate college in the United States, and second in rank of the best national universities.

YALE UNIVERSITY

Yale University is a private university in New Haven, Connecticut. Founded in 1701 as the Collegiate School, Yale is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and is a member of the Ivy League. Yale has educated five US president as well as many foreign heads of state. In 1861, the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences became the first US school to award the Ph. D.

The university's assets include a $17 billion endowment (the second-largest of any academic institution) and more than a dozen libraries that hold a total of 12.5 million volumes (making it according to Yale, the world's second-largest university library system). Yale has 3,300 faculty members, who teach 5,300 undergraduate students and 6,000 graduate students. Yale offers 70 undergraduate majors: few of the undergraduate departments are pre-professional. About 45% of Yale undergraduates major in the arts and humanities, 35% in the social sciences, and 20% in the sciences. All tenured professors teach undergraduate courses, more than 2,000 of which are offered annually. Yale's graduate programs include those in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences -covering 53 disciplines in the humanities, social sciences, biology, physical sciences, and engineering - and those in the Professional Schools of Architecture, Art, Divinity, Drama, Forestry & Environmental Sciences, Law, Management, Medicine, Music, Nursing, and Public Health.

Yale's residential college housing system is modeled after those of Oxford and Cambridge. Each residential college houses a cross-section of the undergraduate student body and has its own facilities, seminars, resident faculty and graduate fellows.

Yale and Harvard have been rivals in academics, rowing, and football for most of their history, competing annually in The Game and the Harvard-Yale Regatta.

 

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CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

California Institute of Technology (shortly Caltech) was founded in 1891 by Amos Troup as college in Pasadena, state California. One can say that the transformation from college to California Institute of Technology was started owing to astronomer George Hail, came to Pasadena in 1907 as the first director of the Observatory on Wilson Hill. He decided to make Pasadena the centre of scientific work and built well occupied laboratories. Then he invited two American scientists (chemist Artur Noise and physicist Robert Milliken) to become professors of Caltech. In 1925 Institute added geological faculty in division of humanities. In addition in 1926 aeronautics faculty was found. One may stress that biological faculty was found by Tomas Morgan, he was the discoverer of a chromosome.

So, now California Institute of Technology is one of the main universities in the USA, specializing on exact sciences and engineering. It is considered, that education in Caltech is more difficult than in many other institutes because the students are to learn huge amount of information in a short term.

Caltech is divided into six divisions, which include specializations. For example: Divisions of biology, chemistry, engineering (it includes: aeronautics, materials technology, civil engineering and others), geology, physics, math and astronomy and so on. One can say that the academic year consists of three terms. And in contrast to students of other universities, Caltech students have five courses. In addition specializations are not divided into "majors" and "minors". Each student can specialize in one or two subjects from different divisions. One may stress that collective execution among students their homework is allowed and countenanced. Many students take part in research work.

One can say that Caltech students have many yearly traditions. For example, in every Halloween students drop pumpkins frozen in liquid nitrogen from the highest place on the campus. Other interesting tradition is the Absence day. On this day 4th year students move off, leaving by doors different mechanical, electrical and computer devices and tasks, which must be solved by students so as to enter by the door. And this day professors cancel all classes.

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PRINCETON UNIVERSITY

Princeton University is a private research university located in Princeton, New Jersey, United States. The school is one of the eight universities of the Ivy League and is considered one of the Colonial Colleges. It is ranked 8th internationally in the Academic studies.

In 1746 at Elizabeth, New Jersey, as the College of Jersey, it was moved to Newark in 1747, then to Princeton in 1756 and renamed "Princeton University" in 1896. (The present-day The College of New Jersey in nearby Jersey, is an unrelated institution.)

Princeton was the fourth institution of higher education in the US to conduct classes. The university, unlike most American universities that were founded at the same time, did not have an official religious affiliation. At one time, it had close ties to Presbyterian Church, but today it is makes no religious demands of its students. The university has ties with the Institute Advanced Study, Princeton Theological Seminary, and the Westminster Choir College Rider.

Princeton University has traditionally focused on undergraduate education, although it has almost 2,500 graduate students enrolled. A unique blend of research university and liberal arts, Princeton does not offer professional schooling generally, but it does offer professional Master's degrees (mostly through the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs) and doctoral programs in the sciences, humanities, and social sciences, as well as engineering.

 

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MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. MIT has five schools and one college, containing a total of 32 academic departments, with a strong emphasis on scientific and technological research. MIT is one of two private land-grant universities and is also a sea-grant and space-grant university.

Founded by William Barton Rogers in 1861 in response to the increasing industrialization of the United States, the university adopted the German university mode! and emphasized laboratory instruction from an early date. Rogers sought to*establish a new form of higher education to address the challenges posed by rapid advances in science and technology during the mid-19th century with which classic institutions were ill-prepared to deal. The Rogers Plan, as it came to be known, reflected the German research university model emphasizing an independent faculty engaged in research as well as instruction oriented around seminars and laboratories. Rogers proposed that this new form of education be rooted in three principles: the educational value of useful knowledge, the necessity of "learning by doing", and integrating a professional and liberal ads education at the undergraduate level. Its current 168-acre (68.0 ha) campus opened in 1916 and extends over 1 mile (1.6 km) along the northern bank of the Charles River-basin.MIT researchers were involved in efforts to develop computers, radar, and inertial guidance in connection with defense research during World War II and the Cold War. In the past 60 years, MIT's educational programs have expanded beyond the physical sciences and engineering into social sciences like economics, philosophy, linguistics, political science, and management.

MIT enrolled 4,172 undergraduates, 6,048 postgraduate students, and employed 1,008 faculty members in the 2007/08 school year. Its endowment and annual research expenditures are among the largest of any American university. 73 Nobel Laureates, 47 National Medal of Science recipients, and 31 MacArthur Fellows are currently or have previously been affiliated with the university.

Organization and administration. MIT is chartered as a non-profit organization and is owned and governed by a privately-appointed board of trustees known a; the MIT Corporation. The current board, with 74 members drawn from scientific engineering, industry, education, and public service leaders, is chaired by Dana G. Mead. The corporation approves the budget, new programs, degrees, and faculty appointments as well as electing the President to serve as the chief executive officer of the university and presiding over the Institute's faculty.

MIT is "a university polarized around science, engineering, and the arts. "It has five schools (Science, Engineering, Architecture and Planning, Management, and Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences) and one college (Whitaker College of Health Sciences and Technology), but no schools of law or medicine. The chair of each of MIT's 32 academic departments reports to the dean of that department's school, who in turn reports to the Provost under the President. However, faculty committees assert substantial control over many areas of MIT's curriculum, research, student life, and administrative affairs.

 

 





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