1. There are too many people here.
2. Do you have much trouble with English?
3. I love you so much.
4. Cactuses need little water.
5. Bob feels much better to-day.
6. Give the roses a little water every day.
7. His ideas are very difficult and few people understand them.
8. Are there as many chairs as people?
Задание 3.
Заполните пропуски слова much, many, little,a few, a little.
1. Are there... opera houses in London?
2. How... time have we got?
3. How... tickets do they need?
4. Men of... words are the best men.
5. I only need... minutes to get ready.
6.... teenagers in the village could read.
7. She only wanted... love,... kindness.
Задание 4.
Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на значение глагола «take».
1. Have you taken your degree?
2. When are you going to take your holidays?
3. Who took the first prize in the last game?
4. Do you take any interest in art?
5. How long did it take you to translate the paper?
6. Does your experiment take much time?
7. When are you going to take your examination in English?
8. Do you take an active part in your seminars?
Задание 5.
Слова для запоминания:
to distribute, flourish, dominate, prove, vanish, become extinct, occur, reach, withstand;
verterbrates ( n),mammals, reptiles, variety, specimen, transformation, stratum,
rise, advance, shell, resemblance, turtle, lizard, snake;
temperate (a), similar, favourable, unfavourable, scaleless, notable, tough, huge;
continually (adv);
lots of, that is why.
Задание 6.
Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:
1. Are reptiles as widely distributed as fishes, birds, or mammals?
2. What conditions do they flourish in?
3. Why have lots of animals vanished from the face of the Earth?
4. What transformations occurred to plants?
5. How are the most important stages in the development of life on Earth measured?
6. What happened to the amphibians with their scaleless, moist skins?
7. What did the new environment give rise to?
8. When did the reptiles reach their peak?
Задание 7.
Подготовьте сообщение по теме:
· The Age of Reptiles.
· Early Reptiles.
· Variety of Form.
Часть 3 пересказ
UNIT 4
Прочитайте следующие слова:
Newt
warty
limb
secrete
toad
peculiarity
conceal
nocturnal
conspicuous
TEXT 4
Class Amphibia
General Characteristics. Frogs, toads and newts belong to the Class Amphibia, live both in the water and on land. They breed and develop in the water, have jointed limbs, and are adapted for moving on solid surface. They breathe by means of lungs and through their moist slimy skins, have a three-chambered heart and two blood circuits. The organs are supplied with mixed blood. The body temperature is unstable. They are divided into tail-less (frogs, toads) and tailed forms (newts). The vast majority of known species, about 2.000, live in tropical countries where the climate is mild and damp.
Toads and Newts
Among the many different kinds of commonly-found Amphibia are the Toads and the Newts.
Toad. Toads spend most of their lives in vegetable or flower gardens, hiding in quiet moist places (in holes or under buildings) during the day and coming out on hunting expeditions at dusk, when the air becomes humid. Toads can be said to have nocturnal habits.
Outwardly, they resemble frogs but are easy to distinguish from them. The frogs have a smooth skin, while that of the toads is warty, secretes intensely bitter slime - quite harmless to human skin but irritating to the delicate mucosa of the eyes and lips.
The toad sometimes crawls, and at others hops. Although its hind legs are longer than its fore legs, they are not as well developed as those of the leaping frog.
The peculiarities of its anatomy are explained by its specific way of life. The toad feeds on slugs, earthworms, non-flying insects and their larvae. Its method of locomotion is different. It does not have to hop as high as the frog to catch flying prey. It is thick-set and rather clumsy, and the hind legs are not powerful.
The excretion of the bitter slime serves as a protection from the enemies. Birds, whose diet includes frogs (for instance, the stork), take care to avoid toads.
Toads live on land, but lay their eggs in water, where they gather during the spring months. Long strings of slime containing innumerable eggs are festooned in ponds, rivulets and even muddy pools. Soon after fertilization, tadpoles drop into the water, where they continue their development until they become real baby toads in summer, and leave the water.
Toads are useful because they destroy insect pests, which become active in the evening and at night, and are therefore out of birds’ reach. Stories that toads are the cause of hand warts are quite untrue.
Newt. Externally the Newt is easily recognized from the frog and the toad. It has an elongated body which ends in a long tail. The tail is flattened on the sides and bordered with a web for swimming. The limbs are short and serve to push the animal from place to place on the ground.
In spring and early summer newts keep to ponds overgrown with water plants. They breathe with their lungs, rising to the surface of the water every two or three minutes to gulp in air. In the second half of summer newts leave the water and find shelter in moss or under tree roots, where they remain concealed throughout the winter. As soon as spring sets in, they return to the pond.
Their diet consists of animal matter - larvae, insects, worms.
At breeding time, newts lay eggs, attaching each one to water plants. The larvae have external gills and are very much like tadpoles.
At this time the males develop a skin crest. Their colour pattern becomes more conspicuous.
(3.500)
Задание 1
Дайте русские эквиваленты следующих слов и сочетаний:
jointed limbs; solid surface; three-chambered heart; blood circuits; mixed blood; unstable; tailed forms; tail-less forms, the vast majority, commonly found; nocturnal habits; delicate mucosa; breeding time.
Задание 2.
Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод прилагательных и наречий:
1. It¢s getting late.
2. The train arrived late.
3. She is a lovely, friendly, lively person. But she seems lonely.
4. She speaks English very well.
5. Try to come home early.
6. Don¢t be so silly.
7. The Times is a daily paper.
Задание 3.
Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на неопределенно-личные местоимения some, any, и их производные:
1. She has some interesting ideas.
2. There is some mud on the carpet.
3. Do you know any good jokes?
4. He hasn¢t got any money.
5. The baby refuses to eat anything.
6. Sorry, I¢ve got no time.
7. No cigarette is completely harmless.
8. My students expect me to know everything.
9. Nobody knows everything.
Задание 4
Выберите правильное слово (some, any, no, somebody, nothing, nobody)
1. I can¢t find... butter in the fridge.
2. Helen brought me... beautiful roses from her garden.
3. There¢s... waiting for you at reception.
4. Do you know... sonnets by Shakespeare by heart?
5. There is... on the table.
6.... knows everything.
7. There were... letters for you this morning.
Задание 5.
Слова для запоминания:
to belong to, resemble,distinguish, irritate, crawl, leap, border, conceal;
frog (n), toad, newt, blood circuits, skin, slime, harm, mucosa, slug(s),larva - larvae, tadpole, lung, pattern;
stable (a) unstable, damp, humid, nocturnal, warty, bitter, harmless, hind, fore,clumsy;
outwardly, as well as, externally, as soon as.
Задание 6.
Ответьте на вопросы по тексту
1. What animals belong to the Class Amphibia?
2. Where do they live?
3. How do they breathe?
4. What is the difference between a toad and a frog?
5. How can you distinguish a newt from a frog?
6. Where does the newt spend most of its life?
7. How does the newt reproduce and develop?
Задание 7.
Подготовьте сообщение по теме:
· General Characteristics of the Class Amphibia.
· Speak about the difference between a toad and a frog.
· Speak about newts.
Дополнительный текст
Задание 8.
