: .
:
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. .
6. .
7. .
( 5.1) : Q, ; L, ; ( 5.2).
5.1 : m , ; v , /; b , ; c , ; A , 2; H , ; z ; z .
, . ( 5.1) F ,
.
5.1
( ) | |||||||||||
2, 6, 1 | 2, 8, 2 | 3, 10, 3 | 4, 16, 4 | 6, 18, 5 | 5, 16, 6 | 8, 18, 7 | 10, 16, 8 | 11, 24, 9 | 12, 16, 10 | ||
13, 20, 11 | 14, 15, 12 | 15, 18, 13 | 16, 28, 14 | 18, 25, 15 | 20, 32, 16 | 22, 16, 17 | 25, 32, 18 | 30, 28, 19 | 40, 25, 20 | ||
45, 30, 21 | 50, 40, 22 | 55, 32, 23 | 16, 16, 24 | 18, 20, 25 | 2, 7, 1 | 3, 9, 2 | 4, 12, 3 | 6, 14, 4 | 7, 21, 5 | ||
7, 14, 6 | 9, 22, 7 | 11, 18, 8 | 12, 27, 9 | 13, 19, 10 | 14, 18, 11 | 15, 17, 12 | 16, 20, 13 | 17, 26, 14 | 19, 27, 15 | ||
18, 34, 16 | 21, 17, 17 | 22, 33, 18 | 30, 29, 19 | 35, 26 20 | 42, 33, 21 | 52, 42, 22 | 50, 30, 23 | 17, 18, 24 | 16, 23, 25 | ||
3, 6, 1 | 3, 8, 2 | 4, 10, 3 | 5, 16, 4 | 6, 18, 5 | 7, 16, 6 | 8, 18, 7 | 11, 16, 8 | 12, 24, 9 | 13, 16, 10 | ||
14, 20, 11 | 14, 15, 12 | 15, 18, 13 | 16, 28, 14 | 18, 25, 15 | 20, 32, 16 | 22, 16, 17 | 25, 32, 18 | 32, 28, 19 | 40, 25, 20 | ||
45, 30, 21 | 50, 40, 22 | 55, 32, 23 | 16, 16, 24 | 18, 20, 25 | 2, 7, 1 | 3, 9, 2 | 4, 12, 3 | 6, 14, 4 | 7, 21, 5 | ||
7, 14, 6 | 9, 22, 7 | 11, 18, 8 | 12, 27, 9 | 13, 19, 10 | 14, 18, 11 | 15, 17, 12 | 16, 20, 13 | 17, 26, 14 | 19, 27, 15 | ||
17, 34, 16 | 20, 17, 17 | 23, 33, 18 | 30, 29, 19 | 35, 26 20 | 42, 33, 21 | 52, 42, 22 | 50, 30, 23 | 17, 18, 24 | 16, 23, 25 |
( 5.2), . , .
|
|
5.2
m, | v, / | b, | c, | A, 2 | H, | z | z | ||
7,0 | 0,4 | 0,9 | 0,5 | 2,6 | 7 | ||||
9,3 | 0,5 | 0,9 | 0,5 | 5,0 | 6 | ||||
11,7 | 0,5 | 1,0 | 0,7 | 7,2 | 5 | ||||
17,6 | 0,8 | 1,0 | 0,6 | 18,2 | 4 | ||||
20,3 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 0,7 | 23,1 | 3 | ||||
19,8 | 1,2 | 1,2 | 0,7 | 20,0 | 2 | ||||
24,9 | 1,4 | 1,2 | 0,7 | 28,5 | 1 | ||||
23,4 | 1,5 | 1,2 | 0,8 | 22,3 | 2 | ||||
30,2 | 1,6 | 1,4 | 0,8 | 41,2 | 3 | ||||
25,7 | 1,0 | 1,8 | 0,8 | 19,4 | 4 | ||||
29,2 | 1,2 | 1,9 | 0,9 | 32,0 | 3 | ||||
26,3 | 0,3 | 2,0 | 0,9 | 16,0 | 2 | ||||
30,8 | 0,4 | 2,0 | 0,9 | 28,7 | 1 | ||||
39,4 | 1,0 | 2,0 | 0,8 | 56,0 | 2 | ||||
38,8 | 0,6 | 2,1 | 0,9 | 44,6 | 3 | ||||
33,0 | 0,5 | 2,5 | 1,0 | 25,1 | 2 | ||||
46,7 | 0,8 | 2,4 | 1,0 | 73,1 | 1 | ||||
51,5 | 0,8 | 2,9 | 1,1 | 76,0 | 2 | ||||
54,8 | 0,6 | 3,0 | 1,2 | 60,0 | 1 | ||||
60,0 | 0,5 | 3,3 | 1,3 | 52,0 | 2 | ||||
72,0 | 0,8 | 3,3 | 1,3 | 70,2 | 3 | ||||
86,0 | 0,4 | 3,5 | 1,4 | 81,0 | 2 | ||||
82,0 | 0,7 | 3,4 | 1,2 | 76,3 | 1 | ||||
28,0 | 1,2 | 2,1 | 0,7 | 26,4 | 2 | ||||
34,0 | 1,4 | 2,5 | 0,8 | 28,2 | 3 |
( 5.3), . , .
, :
,
k , ( 5.4); kτ , ( 5.5); kg ; D , ; F , .
kg=1+ ka v,
v , /; ka , ( 5.6).
, ( )
,
k , k =2,0; , k = 1,5; , .
5.3 D
F, | D, | |||
, | r, | |||
30 50 | 200; 250 | 24 | ||
50 100 | 320; 400 | 43; 70 | ||
100 200 | 400; 500 | 43; 50; 70 | ||
200 250 | 500; 560 | 43; 50; 70 80 | ||
250 320 | 630; 710 | 43; 50; 80; 100 | ||
320 500 | 710; 800 | 80; 100 | ||
500 800 | 800; 900 | 100; 120 | ||
800 1000 | 900; 1000 | 120; 140 |
|
|
5.4 k
R/D[7] | 0,3 | 0,4 | 0,6 | 0,8 | 1,0 | 1,2 | 1,4 | 1,6 |
k | 0,176 | 0,175 | 0,137 | 0,127 | 0,119 | 0,113 | 0,108 | 0,105 |
5.5 kτ
kr | |
: | |
v <2 / | 1,05 |
2≤ v <3,2 / | 1,07 |
1,1 |
5.6 ka
ka | |
0,1 | |
0,15 | |
0,2 | |
0,25 |
=02r,
0 ( 5.3), ; r , ; σ ( 5.7), .
2. ,
,
F , ; F , ; F , .
:
,
μ ( 5.9), ; ( =0,015); D , ; kp , ( kp =1,5, k =1,1); d , .
d= (0,2...0,3) D.
5.7 σ [8]
, | σ, , | ||||
1̅3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | ||
45 55 | ≥ 200 | ||||
75, 65 40 | ≥ 300 | ||||
45 | ≥ 200 | ||||
55 | ≥ 300 | ||||
35 | ≥ 200 |
5.8
24 | 43 | 70, 80 | 100 | 50, 120 | 140 | |
R |
5.9 μ,
D, | |||||
200 320 | 400 630 | 800, 900 | |||
0,0003 | 0,0005 | 0,0006 | 0,0007 | 0,0007 | |
0,0004 | 0,0006 | 0,0008 | 0,001 | 0,0012 |
α ( α =0,001; α =0,003).
,
,
F , ; F , .
F=pA, F=pA,
p , /2; , A ( 5.10), 2.
5.10
, | 2,0 | 2,5 | 3,2 | 5,0 | 6,3 | ||||||
, 2 | 5,6 | 7,1 |
, :
=qkn,
q 10 ( q =125 ); k , ( 5.11); ( =1,5...1,6, =1,2); n ( n =1,0).
|
|
5.11 k
, | |||
k | 1,0 | 1,25 | 1,55 |
3. ,
,
η (η =0, 8...0,9).
,
Z .
, (P; n; Tmax; Ip).
4. .
, /
.
.
, u =1,5...5,0.
.
. ,
,
k , . k =0,8.
5. (-) , ∙
,
k1 , (k1 =1,2); k2 , ( 1... k2 =1,1; 4 k2 =1,2; 5, 6 k2 =1,3; 7, 8 k2 =1,5); Tc , , ∙
.
6. :
≤8..10 ,
δ , (δ =1,1); Ip, I , ∙2; Z .
:
≥1,1,
G , ( ), ; φ . , , φ = 0,12, , φ=0,2; F , ; , ; F , , ; ,
.
,
.
.
,
, .
,
, , , ∙
k >1,1
7. .
, ∙; , ∙; , ∙; .min , ∙.
, ∙
,
, ( 5.12), /c2.
|
|
, c
.
5.12 , /2
Z /Z | 0,5 | 0,25 | |
a | 0,9 | 0,45 | 0,25 |
6