- , .
, :
- TCP/IP
- HTTP
- FTP
- TELNET
- WAIS
- Gorpher
- WAP
TCP/IP
IP, , . TCP .
TCP/IP , . . , TCP, , . , IP, . .
HTTP
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol - ) TCP/IP - . HTTP Web-. HTTP . HTTP World Wide Web.
HTTP, , HTTP-. Web- , .
, Web-, - - - (HyperText Markup Language, HTML). : http://www.tut.by
FTP
FTP (File Transfer Protocol - . FTP (File Transfer Protocol) . , , FTP - TCP.
TELNET
telnet , . .
, . . Telnet- , , Windows 98.
WAIS
WAIS (Wide-Area Information Servers). . WAIS , . - . - WAIS.
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, . , , . , . WAIS : wais://site.edu
Gorpher
Gopher - , 1991 . World Wide Web Gopher ( ) . Gopher WWW, , . - Gopher . Gopher , , , telnet- WAIS. Web- . Gopher : gopher://gopher.tc.umn.edu
WAP
WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) 1997 Ericsson, Motorola, Nokia Phone.com , , . Web-, ( ) .
DNS
DNS (. Domain Name System ) . IP- ( ), , (SRV-).
DNS DNS-, .
DNS , IP-, ( ) , IP-. , , HTTP-, . IP- hosts, . , , DNS.
DNS 1983 .
DNS :
́ (. domain ) , ( ), . ; ( ), ('.'), ( ), , . . (, ru.wikipedia.org org, wikipedia, ru). , FQDN.
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(. subdomain) (, wikipedia.org org, ru.wikipedia.org wikipedia.org). 127 , 63 , 254 . . , mydomain.ru, mysite1.mydomain.ru, mysite2.mydomain.ru . .
DNS. ( , ), , .
( ), , . . . , . DNS , /, ; , . , 0- 1- ('.', ru, com, ) , . (2- ) .
. DNS . , DNS-, . , DNS- , , , DNS- .
DNS- DNS, , . DNS- / .
DNS- ( ) DNS. DNS- DNS-.
DNS-. DNS- : ( , ) , , . DNS- ( ) ( ).
DNS- ( ) .
DNS DNS-, . DNS, .
IP- IP- , - ( ). IP-: .
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, , , , . 13 , . DNS TCP- UDP- . UDP . TCP AXFR-.