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1. If I haveenough time, I will finishthe report tonight. , .
2. If the machine breaks down, we will contactyour service engineer at once. , .
3. If your guarantee isstill valid, any repairs are carried outfree of charge. , .
4. If they had made a lower bid last month, we would have acceptedit immediately. , .
5. What would you do if you sawa colleague stealing substantial quantities of stationary from your office? , , ?
6. If you knewhow angry my boss gets, you would realize how I feel. , , , .
7. If they refuseto pay up, wewill sendthem a threatening letter. , .
8. If I had foreseenthe extent of the damage, I would have checked all our insurance policies. , .
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1.I don't have anything to smoke. I wish I had a cigarette. . , .
2.I don't have much time. I wish I had more time. . , .
3.My computer is old and slow. I wish I had a more powerful one. . .
4.I'm lonely. I wish I had more friends. . , .
5.My job is really boring. I wish I had an interesting one. . .
6.I don't understand English as well as I want. I wish I understood it better. , . .
7.My job pays really badly. I wish I earned more money. . .
8.I don't like working late at night. I wish I finished earlier. . .
4
1. If they hadnt expanded so quickly, they would have been able to cope with the volume of orders. , .
2. If they dont install a new computer, things will get worse. , .
If the software had been tested, the system wouldnt have broken down. , .
3. If orders were not constantly delayed, customers wouldnt look for a more reliable supplier. , .
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4. If the phone lines were not overloaded, customers would be able to get through. , .
5. If there were not so many problems, customers wouldnt complain. , .
6. If their products had been excellent, many customers would have remained loyal. , .
7. We are unable to supply the goods, until we receive payment in advance. .
8. The machine should not be modified, unless a service engineer is present. , .
9. Id feel very upset if I lost my job. , .
10. The fax machine wouldnt have broken down if it had been cooled down in time. , .
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1. If we changed the packaging, people would not the product. , .
2. If we give the product a new name, it sound more interesting. , .
3. If we lowered the price, it would reduce our profits too much. , .
4.If we print a better brochure, we will attract more interest. , .
5.If we offer free gifts, we will get more customers. , .
6.If we recruited more staff, we would be able to sell to more outlets. , .
7.If we advertised more, it would increase our costs too much. , .
8.If we cut their commission, our sales people wont work so hard. , .
6
Proposition 215 is a two-year-old law intended to allow seriously ill people in California to use marijuana as medicine. Such ill people carry a doctor's note verifying that they suffer from chronic pain or serious disease.
Steve McWilliams is a person who uses marijuana daily to deal with constant pain resulted from several car accidents.
Another person who was delighted when proposition 215 passed was Evan Keliher of San Diego. Keliher said it was relieving to use marijuana legally after thirty years of being a closet marijuana smoker. Keliher, who is a former Marine and retired school teacher, was diagnosed with glaucoma in the 1960s. He began to smoke pot in 1967 after hearing that it helped relieve intra-ocular pressure caused by glaucoma. He had been using eye drops, but his eye sight was steadily weakening. Doctors treated him at that time predicted that he would be blind by now. Though he can no longer see in his left eye, his eyesight in his right eye is amazing. He is so satisfied with the results from marijuana that he wrote a book called, Grandpas Marijuana Handbook. Keliher wants to teach older people who are sick and suffering how to use marijuana.
Still, there are many problems facing law enforcement officers in California. Marijuana grown for medicinal purposes is legal, but how much is necessary? Law enforcement officers feel it will take time for the medical marijuana law to be enforcedfairly.
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- We would like to contact someone in your company interested in our programme and sharing our ideas. - , .
- While introducing the guests to each other, the manager said a few kind words to each of them. , .
- When planning your daily routine, dont forget to leave time for rest. , .
- Not knowing our partners point of view, we decided not to give a definite answer. , .
- The plant equipped with modern machinery overfulfilled its plan every month. , , .
- Having looked through all the documents and letters received that day he called his secretary. , , .
- The talks between the two countries were conducted behind the closed doors, measures having been taken that no correspondent should receive any information. , , .
- The figures mentioned in his report were published in the latest scientific journal. .
- The goods having been loaded, the workers left the port. , .
- One of the most noticeable features of air transport development is the big increase in the quantities of goods carried. .
- To learn two foreign languages at one and the same time isnt easy. .
- To calculate the age of our planet is very difficult. .
- To calculate the age of our planet you must have knowledge in different branches of science. , .
- Inkombank was the first in Russia to introduce new types of services. .
- A delegation is expected to arrive in the capital of the country to discuss the creation of a shipping line between the two countries. , , .
- The computer is knownto be able to do computations in milliseconds. , .
- Carrying out experiments requires patience. .
- They objected to being asked to wait. , .
Your having written the letter is really no excuse for your not having come on the fixed day. , , .
8
It was unanimously agreed that we couldnt afford to allow our image to remain as bad as it is following the bad publicity we have had recently. Although we have repeatedly denied lowering the quality of our main products, have clearly failed to convince the general public of that. As a result, our competitors have managed to steal several major customers.
The Head of Marketing suggested changing our advertising strategy completely. She said that, instead of emphasizing how useful our products are,we should present them as fun to use.She said that she had been thinking of using a different agency anyway.. The Sales Director agreed that we couldnt risk losing any more customers. The Finance Director agreed that this appeared to be the most sensible thing we could do in the circumstances,but pointed out that we needed to avoid spending any more on advertising than we currently do. The Head of Marketing offered to prepare a report on the types of campaign that might be best for us and agrred to do this within two days we therefore decided to meet again to discuss the the matter further at the end of the week.
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1. Loan capital is more appropriate to firms operating in stable markets. 2. In advanced capitalist societies, advertising is a powerful instrument affecting demand in many markets. 3. Having examined the relationships between outputs and costs, we now show how the
behaviour of cots may be reflected in the supply curve. 4. Having calculated the programme, we paid attention to possible changes. 5. Having been repaired, the device began working much better. 6. In order to simplify the analysis we can consider two firms, one being representative of high-cost producers and the other of low-cost producers. 7. Taxes placed on goods and services are known as indirect taxes as opposed to direct taxes which are placed on income and wealth. 8. Discounting is the process of buying a security for less than its face value. 9. We have succeeded in entering a new competitive market. 10. The purpose of each business process is to offer each customer the right product or service. 11. The employers agreed to accept the terms of the pay deal. 12. It is impossible for us to accept these terms. 13. We expect interest rates to rise next week. 14. If incomes are rising, the demand for most goods and services tend to increase. 15. If money incomes rise by 5 per cent, but over the same period prices rise by 10 per cent, real income will have fallen. 16. If the market for our products expands, we will have a 20 per cent increase in turnover next year. 17. We would have to reduce our workforce if the bank refused to extend our credit. 18. If the government hadnt introduced the tax incentive scheme, we would have faced serious financial difficulties. 19. If we installed new equipment, we would become more competitive. 20. He asked when the new programme would start.
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11
1. Colloquial English can be used in formal letters.False 2. You end a formal letter with Yours, + first name.False 3. If you begin with Dear Sir/Madam, you must end with Yours faithfully.True 4. Abbreviated forms can be used in formal letters.False 5. The introductory paragraph gives full details about the subject of the letter.False 6. The Passive Voice is not appropriate in a formal style.False 7. In the main body of the letter we state the reason we are writing.False 8. You must write only your address in formal letters.False
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1. I am writing to complain about the items which I ordered from your catalogue last month.
I hope that the matter will be resolved quickly and that my money will be promptly refunded
Letter of complaint.Formal
, , ., .
I would be grateful if you could send me further information concerning your summer courses in computer programming. E Thank you in advance for your help
Formal letter Asking for information
2. Im writing for your advice on a small problem Ive got. D. Im really anxious to hear your suggestion.
, , . .
Informal letter.Asking for advice
3. I am writing to apply for the post of junior manager. A. I hope you will consider my application and I look forward to hearing from you.
Formal letter.Application for a job.
, . , .
4. I regret to inform you that you have not been accepted for the course. F. Please do not hesitate to contact us again should you wish to reapply in the future.
Formal.letter of refusing
, ., , .
5. I was pleased to get your letter, and Ill tell you what I think you should do. C. Hope my advice is useful, and let me know how everything turns out.
Informal. Giving adice.
, , . , , .
13
How to Write a Business Letter
There are many different reasons for writing a business letter. However, most business letters follow some general guidelines as described below.
Use block style - do not indent paragraphs. Include address of the person you are writing to at the top of the letter, below your company address. After the address, double space and include date. Double space (or as much as you need to put the body of the letter in the center) and include the salutation. Include Mr. for men or Ms for women, unless the recipient has a title such as Dr. State a reference reason for your letter (for example: "With reference to our telephone conversation..."). Give the reason for writing (for example: "I am writing to you to confirm our order..."). Make any request you may have (for example: "I would be grateful if you could include a brochure..."). If there is to be further contact, refer to this contact (for example: "I look forward to meeting you at..."). Close the letter with a thank you (for example: "Thank you for your prompt help..."). Finish the letter with a salutation (for example: "Yours sincerely,"). Include 4 spaces and type your full name and title. Sign the letter between the salutation and the typed name and title. Keep the letter brief and to the point. Do not use shortened verb forms write them out (for example: "don't instead of do not"). Always keep a copy of correspondence for future reference.
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apologize Dear enclosed forward Further
grateful hesitate regret sincerely wish
Canda Components, Ltd.
15 Temple Way
Coventry
Tel: (01203) 475866
Fax: (01203) 642024
Email: [email protected]
Elizabeth Fordham
Sales Manager
Cheese Specialists Inc.
456 Rubble Road
Rockville, IL 896756 25 May 2006
(1) Dear Ms Fordham, (2) Furher to your letter of 22 May, I would like to (3) apologize for the confusion surrounding your order for components. This has occurred because you have ordered some components from our old catalogue and I (4) regret to inform you that these have been withdrawn from sale. Please find (5) enclosed a copy of our current catalogue showing the replacement models.I would be (6) grateful if you would contact me at your earliest convenience to let me know whether you (7) wish to proceed with your order from the new catalogue. Should you have any enquiries concerning the replacement components, please do not (8) hesitate to ask.
I look (9) forward to hearing from you.
Yours (10)sincerely,
Anna Marx
Supplies Manager
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Dreamtime Movies Universal Ltd.
54 Oxford Road Skagnes SK3 4RG.
26/01/2012
69 Milk Street, LONDON SW7 6AW, UK
Tel: +44 20 123 4567 Fax: +44 20 765 4321
Email: [email protected]
Ms Andrea Philips
Dear Ms Philips, Thank you for your letter of 22 January enquiring about our translation services.
Lingua Services Galactic offer a full range of translation services to help you in the development of sales literature and web sites. I have pleasure in enclosing our latest brochures and price list from which you can see that our prices are highly competitive.
I look forward to calling you in a few days.
Yours sincerely, James Brown.
16
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An International Standard is the result of an agreement between the member bodies of ISO (International Organization for Standardization).
International Standards are developed by ISO technical committees (TC) and subcommittees (SC).
The stages of International Standard development are proposal stage, preparatory stage, committee stage, enquiry stage, approval stage, publication stage.
If a document with a certain degree of maturity is available at the start of a standardization project.
The first step in the development of an International Standard is to confirm that a particular International Standard is needed.
A working group of experts prepares a working draft of the International Standard.
The draft International Standard (DIS) is circulated to all ISO member bodies by the ISO Central Secretariat for voting and comment within a period of five months.
if the approval criteria are not met at the Approval stage the standard is referred back to the originating TC/SC for reconsideration in the light of the technical reasons submitted in support of the negative votes received.
The final text is sent to the ISO Central Secretariat which publishes the International Standard.
All International Standards are reviewed at least once every five years by the responsible TCs/SCs.
