D, , .
, 1,5 , , .
:
1.
L = [i∕πD + (1,5...2,0)t]
2. ( , .. ). L = 2L + L1 + (2...4)t
,
L1 ( tgγ ≤ tg α[1-((1+d∕D)2∕(1+2∕ D+dsin α∕ D)2)]0,5).
L1min = B-2 mintgγ
, D,
LdD-2= 0,10,3.
Z=[(D∕ 2d)2+(l∕ 0,9 πL)]0,5- D∕ 2d
l ,
0,9 , .
4.3.1
1- 2-
, , Fmax F 1
F 1 = Fmax ∕ e fα
f =0,10,15
α =3 π
F = F f
F () .
2 F > F 1 -
:
σ = 4F∕πzd12+f F l∕0,1zd13 ≤ [ σ ]
k >1,5
z
4.3.2
. , , , . , .
. .
:
1.
2. ()
, , . , φ
ρ= arctg f.
L= (l∕πD+ n)t -
|
|
|
l - , .
n -
t -
l L, L , .. .
F1 (, ) F2 (, ) :
F1=F2 e2π z f
z
z=(ln F1∕F2) ∕2πfl= (lnF1-lnF2)∕2πfl
: f=0,15; F2=30100
4.4
4.4.1
:
;
l -
u -
m -
φ - .,
( m =2, φ =0,8)
η;
η=2η∕(1+ η);
η , ,
F :
| F | -1 | F | -1 | |
| 80100 | 0,91,2 | 120160 | 0,60,8 | |
| (68 ) | 150160 | 0,70,8 | 180200 | 0,50,6 |
| ( 5) | 0,50,6 | 300400 | 0,30,4 |
() l =200400
R=100500
F =8001200
: V = VD /2lui
V
, .
1 2 R, 3 . 2 . 8 7, . 5 . 4, , , . 1 , 6. ( . ) . , 
. , . , . . . , , .
( ) .
|
|
|
4.4.2
:
-
- ( )
- .
:
- ,
- 2,
- F F ,
- 4 .
: P = QV ∕60η≤ [P] %
Q - ,
V - /
[P] % - %.
=25%. :
P% = P25%(25∕%)0,5
 |
( ).
:
1. ,
2. n = V i ∕πD
3. = FmaxD ∕2η η
4. u = n ∕n
u
5%.
, :
D = V iu∕πn
L = (H i∕πD+5)
. u = (nn)∕n.
+ .
, , .
.
t = [V∕60g+ψJpω]∕( -) - (),
= QD∕2iuη -
:
= (1,5...1,6) -
= (0,7...0,8) -
= (1,7...2,0) -
= 9550∕n -
ω ,
J ,
ψ =1,25 .
a = V∕60t≤ [a ] - ( ) .
| [a] -2 | |
| , | 0,1 |
| 0,2 | |
| , | 0,60,8 |
| 23,5 |
1. , .
2. .
. , . n :
n=(0,60,7) n
|
|
|
n=(0,81,0) n
n= n=540/ ,
n
( -66, -131, -375
n =3200/)
u =u u
4.5 .
, , , .
:
Ø ( ), .
Ø 
() . ( ).
4.5.1
:
. :
1. ( )
2. ( ),
3. ,
4. ,
5. ( ).
.
1. ( ),
2. ( ),
3. .
. :
1. . ( ( , ) . ),
2. . ( ),
3. .
. :
1. ( )
2. ( ).
, .. - .
, .
. :
1. 2.
:
Ø
m=1,75( / zψ[σ])1/3
m=1,10( / zψ[σ])1/3
Ø : q=2 / mψD≤[q]
z =1024
D=mz
D=mz2h
h
ψ =b / m =1,53,0
b
[q] =400 / .
:
Ø F=2T / D, .
: σ =6 / bh3+ F / bh≤[σ]
F=2T / zfD.
f>tg α / 2,
z - , ( 4)
|
|
|
f =0,06 - ,
d D
α=arccos(2a+d) / (D-d)
l=F / [q]=1,5 d .
- .
)
: T T, T=0,5DFnf>T
Fn - , Fn=2T / Df
f - ,
D - .
G -Fna Fnfc+GL=0,
G=Fn(afc)/L, "+" , , "-" - . . .
fc "+", , "-", .
fc>a, .
=0, .
.
)
. , .
5,
11 10.
7, 6. , . 3 4. . , , 9, 1 6. , , 12, 3 6. 8. 2. .
1 2 : Fn1= FL / (a+fc)
Fn2= FL / (a -fc)
, Fn1≠Fn2 .
, T= 0,5Fn1fD+0,5Fn2 fD.
, Fn1=T(a-fc) / fDa
Fn2=T(a+fc) / fDa
, Fn1 Fn2, , =0. Fn1=Fn2=Fn, T= Fn fD.
10...15% .
: = Fn∕bl ≤[p]
b l - .
| [p] | |
| 0,6...0,8 | |
| 0,2...0,3 | |
| 0,4...0,6 |
c ( ). =T (a+fc)/fDbl≤[p]
:
Ø
ψ1=l/D=0,50,8,
2α = 60...110 .
Ø ψ2=b / l=0,50,65
D=(T(1+fc∕a) / ([p]fψ12ψ2))1/3
. .
.
( ):
|
|
|
-
- D
:
- ,
- ,
- .
.
- α =200...270 .
T=0,5(F1-F2)D
F1= F2α f
, F1=2Tα f/D(α f-1)
F2=2T/D(α f-1)
, =2F∕bD≤[p]
