+
3.4.1.
. , .
Due to the scarcity of wood, the two predominant building materials used in ancient Egypt were sun-baked mud bricks and stone, mainly limestone, but also sandstone and granite in considerable quantities. From the Old Kingdom onward, stone was generally reserved for tombs and temples, while bricks were used even for royal palaces, fortresses, the walls of temple precincts and towns, and for subsidiary buildings in temple complexes. The core of the pyramids came from stone quarried in the area already while the limestone, now eroded away, that was used to face the pyramids came from the other side of the Nile River and had to be quarried, ferried across, and cut during the dry season before they could be pulled into place on the pyramid.
Ancient Egyptian houses were made out of mud collected from the Nile river. It was placed in molds and left to dry in the hot sun to harden for use in construction.
Many Egyptian towns have disappeared because they were situated near the cultivated area of the Nile Valley and were flooded as the river bed slowly rose during the millennia, or the mud bricks of which they were built were used by peasants as fertilizer. Others are inaccessible, new buildings having been erected on ancient ones. Fortunately, the dry, hot climate of Egypt preserved some mud brick structures. Examples include the village Deir al-Madinah, the Middle Kingdom town at Kahun, and the fortresses at Buhenand Mirgissa. Also, many temples and tombs have survived because they were built on high ground unaffected by the Nile flood and were constructed of stone.
Thus, our understanding of ancient Egyptian architecture is based mainly on religious monuments, massive structures characterized by thick, sloping walls with few openings, possibly echoing a method of construction used to obtain stability in mud walls. In a similar manner, the incised and flatly modeled surface adornment of the stone buildings may have derived from mud wall ornamentation. Although the use of the arch was developed during the fourth dynasty, all monumental buildings are post and lintel constructions, with flat roofs constructed of huge stone blocks supported by the external walls and the closely spaced columns.
Exterior and interior walls, as well as the columns and piers, were covered with hieroglyphic and pictorial frescoes and carvings painted in brilliant colors.
+ Ancient Egyptian architecture
3.4.2.
. , .
+Our understanding of ancient Egyptian architecture is based mainly on religious monuments.
3.4.3.
. Exterior and interior walls were covered with... and pictorial frescoes.
+hieroglyphic
3.4.4.
. What did the core of the pyramids come from? (1 ).
+stone
|
|
|
3.4.5.
. .
Many temples and tombs _______(to survive).
B+ have survived
3.4.6.
. .
The use of the arch was developed during the fourth dynasty.
B+ When was the use of the arch developed?
3.4.7.
. fortresses, ( ).
+
3.5.1.
. , .
For water crossings, a tunnel is generally more costly to construct than a bridge. Navigational considerations may limit the use of high bridges or drawbridge spans intersecting with shipping channels, necessitating a tunnel.
Bridges usually require a larger footprint on each shore than tunnels. In areas with expensive real estate, such as Manhattan and urban Hong Kong, this is a strong factor in tunnels' favor. Boston's Big Dig project replaced elevated roadways with a tunnel system to increase traffic capacity, hide traffic, reclaim land, redecorate, and reunite the city with the waterfront. In Hampton Roads, tunnels were chosen over bridges for strategic considerations; in the event of damage, bridges would prevent U.S.Navy vessels from leaving Naval Station Norfolk.
The 1934 Queensway Road Tunnel under the River Mersey at Liverpool was chosen over a massively high bridge for defense reasons. It was feared aircraft could destroy a bridge in times of war. Maintenance costs of a massive bridge to allow the world's largest ships to navigate under was considered higher than a tunnel. Similar conclusions were met for the 1971 Kingsway Tunnel under the River Mersey.
Example of water-crossing tunnels built instead of bridges is the Holland Tunnel and Lincoln Tunnel between New Jersey and Manhattan in New York City,
Other reasons for choosing a tunnel instead of a bridge include avoiding difficulties with tides, weather and shipping during construction, aesthetic reasons, and also for weight capacity reasons. It may be more feasible to build a tunnel than a sufficiently strong bridge.
Some water crossings are a mixture of bridges and tunnels, such as the Denmark to Sweden link and the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel in Virginia.
There are particular hazards with tunnels, especially from vehicle fires when combustion gases can asphyxiate users, as happened at the Gotthard Road Tunnel in Switzerland in 2001. One of the worst railway disasters ever, the Balvano train disaster, was caused by a train stalling in the Armi tunnel in Italy in 1944, killing 426 passengers.
+ Choice of tunnels vs. bridges
3.5.2.
. , .
+ Some water crossings are a mixture of bridges and tunnels.
3.5.3.
. The Balvano train disaster killed passengers. ( ).
+ 426.
3.5.4.
. What can asphyxiate users during the vehicle fires in the tunnel? (2 ).
+ combustion gases
|
|
|
3.5.5.
. .
There _____ (to be) particular hazards with tunnels.
B+ are
3.5.6.
. .
In Hampton Roads, tunnels were chosen over bridges for strategic considerations.
B+ Where were tunnels chosen over bridges for strategic considerations?
3.5.7.
. vessels ( ).
+
3.6.1.
. , .
In the modern industrialized world, construction usually involves the translation of designs into reality. A formal design team may be assembled to plan the physical proceedings, and to integrate those proceedings with the other parts. The design usually consists of drawings and specifications, usuallyprepared by a design team includingsurveyors, civil engineers, mechanical engineers, electrical engineers, structural engineers, fire protection engineers, planning consultants, architectural consultants, and archeological consultants. The design team is the most commonly employed by the property owner. Under this system, once the design is completed by the design team, a number of construction companies or construction management companies may then be asked to make a bid for the work, either based directly on the design, or on the basis of drawings and a bill of quantities provided by a quantity surveyor. Following evaluation of bids, the owner will typically award a contract to the most cost efficient bidder.
The modern trend in design is toward integration of previously separated specialties, especially among large firms. In the past, architects, interior designers, engineers, developers, construction managers, and general contractors were more likely to be entirely separate companies, even in the larger firms. Presently, a firm that is nominally an "architecture" or "construction management" firm may have experts from all related fields as employees, or to have an associated company that provides each necessary skill. Thus, each such firm may offer itself as "one-stop shopping" for a construction project, from beginning to end. This is designated as a "design build" contract where the contractor is given a performance specification and must undertake the project from design to construction, while adhering to the performance specifications.
Several project structures can assist the owner in this integration, including design-build, partnering and construction management. In general, each of these project structures allows the owner to integrate the services of architects, interior designers, engineers and constructors throughout design and construction. In response, many companies are growing beyond traditional offerings of design or construction services alone and are placing more emphasis on establishing relationships with other necessary participants through the design-build process.
+ Design team
3.6.2.
. , .
+ Several project structures can assist the owner in this integration.
3.6.3.
. A formal design team may be assembled to plan the physical....
+ proceedings.
3.6.4.
. Who must undertake the project from design to construction? (1 ).
+ contractor
3.6.5.
. .
The design team ____ the most commonly _____(to employ) by the property owner.
B+ is employed
3.6.6.
|
|
|
. .
The design usually consists of drawings and specifications.
B+ What does the design usually consist of?
3.6.7.
. employees, ( ).
+
3.7.1.
. , .
Engineering has been an aspect of life since the beginnings of human existence. The earliest practice of civil engineering may have commenced between 4000 and 2000 BC in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia when humans started to abandon a nomadic existence, creating a need for the construction of shelter. During this time, transportation became increasingly important leading to the development of the wheel and sailing.
Until modern times there was no clear distinction between civil engineering and architecture, and the term engineer and architect were mainly geographical variations referring to the same person, often used interchangeably. The construction of Pyramids in Egypt (circa 27002500 BC) might be considered the first instances of large structure constructions. Other ancient historic civil engineering constructions include the Qanat water management system (the oldest older than 3000 years and longer than 71 km,) the Parthenon by Iktinos in Ancient Greece (447438 BC), the Appian Way by Roman engineers (c. 312 BC), the Great Wall of China by General Meng T'ien under orders from Ch'in Emperor Shih Huang Ti (c. 220 BC) and the stupas constructed in ancient Sri Lanka like the Jetavanaramaya and the extensive irrigation works in Anuradhapura. The Romans developed civil structures throughout their empire, including especially aqueducts, insulae, harbors, bridges, dams and roads.
In the 18th century, the term civil engineering was coined to incorporate all things civilian as opposed to military engineering. The first self-proclaimed civil engineer was John Smeaton who constructed the Eddystone Lighthouse. In 1771 Smeaton and some of his colleagues formed the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers, a group of leaders of the profession who met informally over dinner. Though there was evidence of some technical meetings, it was little more than a social society.
In 1818 the Institution of Civil Engineers was founded in London, and in 1820 the eminent engineer Thomas Telford became its first president. The institution received a Royal Charter in 1828, formally recognizing civil engineering as a profession.
The first private college to teach Civil Engineering in the United States was Norwich University founded in 1819 by Captain Alden Partridge. The first degree in Civil Engineering in the United States was awarded by Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1835.
+ History of civil engineering profession
3.7.2.
. , .
+ Between 4000 and 2000 BC transportation became increasingly important.
3.7.3.
. Until modern times there was no clear . between civil engineering and architecture.
+ distinction
3.7.4.
. What has been an aspect of life since the beginnings of human existence.? (1 ).
+ Engineering
3.7.5.
. .
The first private college to teach Civil Engineering in the United States______ (to found) in 1819.
B+ was founded
|
|
|
3.7.6.
. .
The first degree in Civil Engineering in the United States was awarded in 1835.
B+ When was the first degree in Civil Engineering in the United States awarded?
3.7.7.
. harbors ( ).
+
3.8.1.
. , .
Romans are famous for their advanced engineering accomplishments, although some of their own inventions were improvements on older ideas, concepts and inventions. Technology for bringing running water into cities was developed in the east, but transformed by the Romans into a technology inconceivable in Greece.
1,000 cubic meters of water were brought into Rome by 14 different aqueducts each day. Per capita water usage in ancient Rome matched that of modern-day cities like New York City or modern Rome. Most water was for public use, such as baths and sewers. De aquaeductu is the definitive two volume treatise on 1-st century aqueducts of Rome, written by Frontinus.
The aqueducts could stretch from 10100 km long, and typically descended from an elevation of 300 m above sea level at the source, to 100 m when they reached the reservoirs around the city. Roman engineers used inverted siphons to move water across a valley if they judged it impractical to build a raised aqueduct. The Roman legions were largely responsible for building the aqueducts. Maintenance was often done by slaves.
The Romans were among the first civilizations to harness the power of water. They built some of the first watermills outside of Greece for grinding flour and spread the technology for constructing watermills throughout the Mediterranean region. A famous example occurs at Barbegal in southern France, where no fewer than 16 overshot mills built into the side of a hill were worked by a single aqueduct, the outlet from one feeding the mill below in a cascade.
They were also skilled in mining, building aqueducts needed to supply equipment used in extracting metal ores, e.g. hydraulic mining, and the building of reservoirs to hold the water needed at the mine head. It is known that they were also capable of building and operating mining equipment such as crushing mills and dewatering machines. Large diameter vertical wheels of Roman vintage, for raising water, have been excavated from the Rio Tinto mines in Southwestern Spain. They were closely involved in exploiting gold resources such as those at Dolaucothi in south west Wales and in north-west Spain, a country where gold mining was developed on a very large scale in the early part of the first century AD, such as at Las Medulas.
+Roman aqueduct
3.8.2.
. , .
+Roman engineers used inverted siphons to move water across a valley.
3.8.3.
. The aqueducts typically descended from an elevation of...m above sea level at the source. ( ).
+ 300
3.8.4.
. Where was gold mining developed on a very large scale? (1 ).
+ Spain
3.8.5.
. .
Maintenance often _____ (to do) by slaves.
B+ was done
3.8.6.
. .
The Roman legions were largely responsible for building the aqueducts.
B+ What were the Roman legions largely responsible for?
3.8.7.
. watermills ( ).
+
2.1.1.
. .
Jane ____to work hard yesterday.
+ had
2.1.2.
. .
We__________ phone you tomorrow.
+ will be able to
2.1.3.
. .
You look ill. You ___________ go to bed.
+ should
2.1.4.
. .
My little brother ________ swim.
+ can
2.1.5.
. .
|
|
|
We _______________ do this work tomorrow.
+ will have to
2.1.6.
. .
You _________________ miss the classes.
+ must not
2.1.7.
. .
I _________________ go to the library today because I don`t have English books at home.
+ have to
2.1.8.
. .
You _________________ park the car here.
+ must not
2.1.9.
. .
Robert _________________ come at 5.
+ must
2.1.10.
. .
At the age of five I ____________ read and write.
+ could
2.1.11.
. .
_____________ you show me the way to the station?
+ can
2.1.12.
. .
If you help me I _________________ to make the report in time.
+ will be able
2.1.13.
. .
Our friend is ill and we ________________ visit him today.
+ should
2.1.14.
. .
You _________________ stay after classes today. You will have enough time to finish this work tomorrow.
+ needn`t
2.1.15.
. .
Jane is ill. She _________________ go out in a week.
+ will be allowed to
2.1.16.
. .
We _________________ go shopping today. There is enough food in the fridge.
+ need not
2.1.17.
. .
Jack _________________ to wait because the manager was out.
+had
2.1.18.
. .
You _________________ phone people so late at night.
+ should not
2.1.19.
. .
Lena ________________ to study hard next month in order to prepare for the exam.
+ will have
2.1.20.
. .
I _________________ to go anywhere. I am very tired.
+ am not able
2.2.1.
. .
The lesson _________ already.
+ Has begun
2.2.2.
. .
Mike often __________ home so late.
+ comes
2.2.3.
. .
I don`t want to go out now because it ______________.
+ is raining
2.2.4.
. .
I am so sorry! I ____________ one of your coffee cups.
+ have broken
2.2.5.
. .
Jane is busy at the moment. She ________ the table for dinner.
+ is setting
2.2.6.
. .
Diana _______ to London several times.
+ has been
2.2.7.
. .
Alice ______________ for the exam all day long tomorrow.
+ will be preparing
2.2.8.
. .
Ann ____________ at the computer since 8 in the morning!
+ has been sitting
2.2.9.
. .
Mr. White_________ in this school for five years.
+ has been teaching
2.2.10.
. .
The students __________ the exam in English from 9 to 11 tomorrow.
+ will be taking
2.2.11.
. .
My aunt is a writer. She ____ already ______ ten books.
+ has, written
2.2.12.
He___________ to the station yet.
+ has not arrived
2.2.13.
. .
Richard ______________ the article by 11 tomorrow.
+ will have translated
2.2.14.
. .
She _____________ any questions at the lesson yesterday.
+ did not answer
2.2.15.
. .
How long ___________ Margaret __________ in this city?
+ has, been living
2.2.16.
. .
When we came Father _______________ the car.
+ was repairing
2.2.17.
. .
Jane ____________ in Rostov before she moved to Moscow.
+ had lived
2.2.18.
. .
Nick _________________ in the engineering company when he entered the University.
+ was working
2.2.19.
. .
William opened the door, came into the room and ___________.
+ stopped
2.2.20.
. .
Our relatives ____________ again next week.
+ will come
2.3.1.
. .
The program ____________ next Friday.
+ will be changed
2.3.2.
. .
The documents __________________ tomorrow.
+ will be signed
2.3.3.
. .
Dinner _________________________ by my grandmother every day.
+ is cooked
2.3.4.
. .
This problem ____________ at the meeting tomorrow.
+ will be discussed
2.3.5.
. .
The texts __________________ by the students every Monday.
2.3.6.
. .
Last year the delegation _____________ by the Minister.
+ was headed
2.3.7.
. .
The guests __________________ the places of interest next week.
+ will be shown
2.3.8.
. .
I ____________ a cat yesterday. My sister liked it very much.
+ was given
2.3.9.
. .
The letters ____________ every day.
+ are sent
2.3.10.
. .
Jane ____________ about it ten minutes ago.
+ was asked
2.3.11.
. .
The film ____________ on TV last Monday.
+ was shown
2.3.12.
. .
The house ________________ after the war.
+ was rebuilt
2.3.13.
. .
The child ____________ to the circus two days ago.
+ was taken
2.3.14.
. .
A new railway line __________________ in this region next year.
+ will be constructed
2.3.15.
. .
.
+ The work will not be finished in 3 days.
2.3.16.
. .
. .
+ I cannot stay any longer. I am being waited by my friends now.
2.3.17.
. .
5- .
+ The documents were received on the 5th of May.
2.3.18.
. .
5 .
+ The article had been translated by 5.
2.3.19.
. .
.
+ An interesting film is being shown on TV now.
2.3.20.
. .
.
+ This problem has already been discussed.
2.4.1.
. c .
If you __________ hard next month, you will pass the exam well.
+ study
2.4.2.
. c .
If he _________ not busy in the evening, we will go to the cinema.
+ is
2.4.3.
. c .
If they _________________ to the party tomorrow, I will be very sorry.
+ do not come
2.4.4.
. c .
When Jane ________________ her work, she will be able to go home.
+ finishes
2.4.5.
. c .
We will speak to him when we ____________ him.
+ see
2.4.6.
. c .
The manager ____________ all your questions tomorrow when he receives the documents.
+ will answer
2.4.7.
. c .
When he is in Moscow next month, he _________ you.
+ will visit
2.4.8.
. , .
Peter said that he ___________ to a new flat three days before.
+ had moved
.4.4.9.
. , .
Mary said that she _____________busy the following week.
+ would be
2.4.10.
. , .
John said that he __________ TV every evening.
+ watched
2.4.11.
. , .
Jane said that her sister_____________ at that moment.
+ was sleeping
2.4.12.
. , .
We knew that Jane ___________ 20 years old in two weeks.
+ would be
2.4.13.
. , .
He asked who _____________ his book from the table.
+ had taken
2.4.14.
. .
He said that he had learnt all these rules.
+ , .
2.4.15.
. .
She said that she would come at 5.
+ , 5.
2.4.16.
. .
Jane said that Mike studied at the University.
+ , .
2.4.17.
. .
Kate asked if Jane had finished her work at 3.
+ , 3.
2.4.18.
. .
Ann asked if I was preparing for the exam.
+ , .
2.4.19.
. .
, .
+ I knew that Jane did not like cats.
2.4.20.
. .
, .
+ We asked if Jack would phone on Monday.
6.1.1.
. .
What is your name, sir?
+ I am Boris Ivanov.
6.1.2.
. .
What is your occupation?
+ I am an engineer at the railway company.
6.1.3.
. .
What is the purpose of your visit?
+I am here on business trip.
6.1.4.
. .
What type of visa have you got?
+ I have an employment visa.
6.1.5.
. .
How long are you going to stay in the USA?
+ For one month.
6.2.1.
. .
What field of science do you work in?
+ I work in information technologies.
6.2.2.
. .
What area of science are you especially interested in?
+ I am interested in data transmission technologies.
6.2.3.
. .
Do you have any inventions and patents?
+ I have two electronic devices patented.
6.2.4.
. .
How long have you been carrying out your research?
+ For two years.
6.2.5.
. .
Do you have any publications on the results of your experiments?
+ I have five articles published.
6.3.1.
. .
What kind of ticket would you like?
+ I`d like an open-date ticket.
6.3.2.
. .
When does the flight arrive?
+ The time of arrival is 2 p.m. local time.
6.3.3.
. .
May I have your ticket and passport, please?
+ Here you are.
6.3.4.
. .
What class would you like to travel?
+ I`d prefer economy class.
6.3.5.
. .
How would you like to pay?
+ In cash.
6.4.1.
. .
What is your present job position?
+ I am an engineer in the communications department.
6.4.2.
. .
What educational establishment did you graduate from?
+ Rostov State Transport University.
6.4.3.
. .
What university degree do you have?
+ I have a bachelor`s degree in information technologies.
6.4.4.
. .
What were you main job duties at the previous position?
+ I was responsible for preparing communication equipment for service.
6.4.5.
. .
What kind of equipment did you deal with at you previous position?
+ I was in charge of automation and communication devices.
7.1.1.
. , .
(1)HOWARD&PRATT
Ladies Clothing
306, (2) 3d Avenue
Chicago, 60602
(3)JACKSON&MILES
118 Regent Street
London (4)WIC 37D
UK
a. the ZIP Code in the mailing address
b. the addressees name
c. the street name in the return address
d. the sender
(1) d
(2) c
(3) b
(4) a
7.1.2.
. , .
HOWARD&PRATT
(1) Ladies Clothing
306, 3d Avenue
Chicago (2)60602
JACKSON&MILES
118 Regent Street
(3)London WIC 37D
(4)UK
a. the ZIP Code in the return address
b. the senders company name
c. the country the letter goes to
d. the city the letter goes to
(1) b
(2) a
(3) d
(4) c
7.1.3.
. , .
(1)Mr. George Ganson
Wilson Electronics, Ltd
(2) 113 Carpenter Ave,
New York MA 01880
(3)V/O Rossimport
14 Kirovskaya Street
Moscow (4)103006
Russia
a. the ZIP Code in the mailing address
b. the addressees company name
c. the house number and the street name in the return address
d. the sender
(1) d
(2) c
(3) b
(4) a
7.1.4.
. , .
Mr. George Ganson
(1)Wilson Electronics, Ltd
113 Carpenter Ave,
New York (2) MA 01880
V/O Rossimport
14 Kirovskaya street
(3) Moscow 103006
(4) Russia
a. the ZIP Code in the return address
b. the senders company name
c. the country the letter goes to
d. the city the letter goes to
(1) b
(2) a
(3) d
(4) c
7.1.5.
. , .
(1) Mr. Down
Damen Centre, Ltc.
(2)101 Golden Street
Washington, MA01987
(3) Pumps&Co
20 Peace Square
Paris (4)P3571
France
a. the ZIP Code in the mailing address
b. the addressees company name
c. the house number and the street name in the return address
d. the sender
(1) d
(2) c
(3) b
(4) a
7.2.1.
. .
(1) HOWARD&PRATT
Ladies Clothing
306, 3d Avenue
Chicago, 60602
21 Oct, 2000
(2) Gentlemen:
We saw your womens dresses and suits in your October catalogue. The lines you showed would be most suitable for our market.
Would you kindly send us your quotation for spring and summer clothing that you could supply to us by the end of January next?
We would require 2,000 dresses and suits in each of the sizes 10-14. Please quote c.i.f. Chicago prices.
(3) Very truly yours,
P. PRATT. Jr
Buyer
(4) JACKSON&MILES
118 Regent Street
London WIC 37D
UK
B+ 1, 4, 2, 3.
7.2.2.
. .
(1) DOBSON &Co. Ltd
75 Hounslow High Street
Midllesex TWG 2 Q
United Kingdom
(2) Sincerely yours,
N.Dobson
Buyers
(3) Dear Sirs,
We read about your new tape recorders in your October catalogue.
We would be grateful if you would send us further information including unit cost, discounts, delivery period and payment terms.
Thank you for an early reply.
(4) 12 Dec, 2009
HURTLEY MUSON Inc.
618 West Street
Chicago 34567
USA
B+ 1, 4, 3, 2.
7.2.3.
. .
(1) Mr. George Ganson
Wilson Electronics Ltd.
113 Carpenter Ave,
New York MA 01880
USA
(2) Dear Sirs,
Further to the recent discussions we had with Mr. Otten from Brown & Co in London we would be grateful to you if you will send us your new catalogues for the latest model of refrigerator. If you can guarantee prompt delivery and can quote really competitive prices we shall be able to place an order with you for 250 refrigerators.
We hope to hear from you within the next few days.
(3)Yours faithfully,
Rossimport
Ivanov F.T.
Manager
(4) V/O Rossimport
14 Kirovskaya street
Moscow 103006
Russia
2nd July, 2004
B+ 4, 1, 2, 3.
7.2.4.
. .
(1)Yours faithfully,
Modern Wear
D.A. Leary
Sales Manager
(2) HOWARD Ltd
12 Chipstead Way
Behstead SM 73 JS
UK
(3) Dear Sirs,
We are pleased to make you a firm offer regarding our products in the size you require.
All the models can be supplied by the middle of December 2009. If you prefer the goods to be delivered by air freight, this kind of shipment will be charged extra cost.
(4) MODERN WEAR
20 Bennett Hill
Brighton BN 3 XB
UK
2nd July, 2004
B+ 4, 2, 3, 1.
7.2.5.
. .
(1) 9th September, 2008
Damen Centre, Ltc.
101 Golden Street
Washington, MA 01987
USA
(2) Dear Sirs,
We are pleased to receive your request of 1 September for the information about our waterproof material.
We will be happy to send you the samples of the items you mention in your letter. We sincerely hope this will be the beginning of a long and pleasant business association. We hope to receive your order soon.
(3)Yours sincerely,
Johnson & Co
A.K. Dood
Marketing manager
(4) Johnson & Co
20 Bennett Hill
Brighton BN 13 XB
UK
B+ 4, 1, 2, 3.
7.3.1.
. , .
2008 2010 Consulted managers of small companies on designing business plans.
Developed and designed a scheme for business plans as part of internship at the TACIS representative office.
20062008 Researcher at ABRT Corporation.
Did research in macroeconomics of economies in transitions. Made presentations at the international conferences.
B+ a resume
7.3.2.
. .
(1) Employment
(2) Languages
(3) Skills
(4) Education
a. 2008present Philip Wilson Publishers Ltd. Secretary to the Sales Manager. Typing and filing correspondence, office support.
b. excellent typing skills, ability to work under time pressure, driver`s license.
c. 20042008 South Thames College, London. Secretarial courses: Shorthand Grade 2, Typing Grade 3.
d. Native English, fluent German.
B (1) a.
B (2) d.
B (3) b.
B (4) c.
7.3.3.
. , .
Work history:
2008present junior assistant manager, James Associates, NYC.
helped preparing staff meetings arranged files of the employees, prepared materials for the training seminars.
2005 2007 assistant-trainee, James Associates, NYC Education:
20012005 Boston University, honors
B.Sc. (Business Administration)
B+ a resume
7.3.4.
. .
(1) Computer literacy
(2) Employment
(3) Skills
(4) Education
a. Good typing skills, organizational skills, good time management.
b. 2011present junior assistant manager, Samara Trade Corporation,
preparing commercial and legal documents.
c. 20062011 Samara State University, Department of Management, diploma of specialist in management.
d. Word Perfect, Excel, Internet user.
B (1) d.
B (2) b.
B (3) a.
B (4) c.
7.3.5.
. .
(1) Work history
(2) Languages
(3) Skills
(4) Education
a. 20012005 Boston University, honors B.Sc. (Business Administration)
b. 2005present junior assistant manager, James Associates, NYC.
helped preparing staff meetings arranged files of the employees, prepared materials for the training seminars.
c. Good typing skills, organizational skills, good time management.
d. Native Russian, professional level of English
B (1) b.
B (2) d.
B (3) c.
B (4) a.
7.4.1.
. , .
I would like to apply for the position of senior assistant to personnel manager advertised in the "Daily News" on 9lh October. A copy of my resume is enclosed. From this you will see that I am at present working as a junior assistant in the personnel department at James Associates. Although I enjoy my work, I feel I would now like to take on a position with more responsibility and in a larger organization. I can be available for interview at any time, and I look forward to hearing from you.
B+ a letter of application
7.4.2.
. , .
I am applying for the job in your sales department, which you advertised. I am graduating from college this year and would like a job in sales. Please find enclosed my resume. I hope you will find me suitable and that I will hear from you soon.
B+ a letter of application
7.4.3.
. , .
Although I am presently employed, it has always been my intention to work in commercial environment. I would like to work for your company as I have long admired both the quality of the products that it provides and its position as a defender of environmental causes. As you notice on my enclosed CV, the job you are offering suits both my personal and professional interests.
My work experience allows me to work in Public Relations today. I am sure that this, together with my understanding of the needs and expectations of sport and nature enthusiasts, would be extremely relevant to the position. Moreover, as my mother is German, I am fluent in this language and would enjoy working in a German-speaking environment.
B+ a letter of application
7.4.4.
. , .
I would like to apply for the position of chief engineer in the project department advertised by you on 13th January. A copy of my resume is enclosed. From this you can see that I am working as an engineer at Rail Network. Although I enjoy my work, I feel I would like to take on a position with more responsibility though in a smaller organization. I can be available for interview at any time, and I look forward to hearing from you.
B+ a letter of application
7.4.5.
. , .
I would like to apply for the job in your personal department, which you advertised. I have graduated from college this year and received the qualification of manager in personal. I would like to get a job in your company because it is a quickly developing up-to-date organization. Please find enclosed my resume. I hope you will find me suitable and I will hear from you soon.
B+ a letter of application
