3
, , 1 .
: , t ; .
. 2.9.
:
1. (, v, t, h, s, u) . 2.10.
2. q, l, Du, Dh Ds 1-2, 2-3 1-2-3 . 2.11.
3. ,v, ,s h,s 1-2 2-3 ( , ).
2.9
3
1, | t1, | 1 | 12 | q1-2, / | 2, | t2, | 23 | q2-3, / | 3, | x3 | |
dq = 0 | 1,5 | = const | |||||||||
4,0 | 0,8 | = const | 1,0 | = const | 1000 | ||||||
1,0 | = const | dq = 0 | 0,1 | ||||||||
= const | 0,7 | v = const | 0,2 | ||||||||
0,3 | = const | dq = 0 | 0,5 | ||||||||
0,2 | = const | 950 | v = const | ||||||||
0,05 | 0,8 | dq = 0 | 0,5 | = const | |||||||
5,0 | v = const | 2,0 | = const | 0,3 | |||||||
0,03 | 0,85 | dq = 0 | 1,0 | = const | 1300 | ||||||
5,0 | p = const | v = const | 1,0 | ||||||||
1,0 | dq = 0 | 6,0 | = const | 0,5 | |||||||
9,0 | 0,6 | = const | 5,0 | = const | 200 | ||||||
8,0 | dq = 0 | 0,6 | = const | 1200 | |||||||
2,0 | 0,45 | = const | v = const | 1,5 | |||||||
3,0 | = const | dq = 0 | 0,01 | ||||||||
0,5 | 0,6 | v = const | 1,5 | = const | |||||||
1,0 | = const | = const | 1500 | ||||||||
dq = 0 | 1,5 | = const | |||||||||
4,0 | 0,8 | = const | 1,0 | = const | 1000 | ||||||
1,0 | = const | dq = 0 | 0,1 | ||||||||
= const | 0,7 | v = const | 0,2 | ||||||||
0,3 | = const | dq = 0 | 0,5 | ||||||||
0,2 | = const | 950 | v = const | ||||||||
0,05 | 0,8 | dq = 0 | 0,5 | = const | |||||||
5,0 | v = const | 2,0 | = const | 0,3 | |||||||
0,03 | 0,85 | dq = 0 | 1,0 | = const | 1300 | ||||||
5,0 | p = const | v = const | 1,0 | ||||||||
1,0 | dq = 0 | 6,0 | = const | 0,5 | |||||||
9,0 | 0,6 | = const | 5,0 | = const | 200 | ||||||
dq = 0 | 1,5 | = const | |||||||||
1,0 | = const | = const | 1500 | ||||||||
1,0 | 0,5 | v = const | 2,5 | = const | 0,1 |
|
|
2.10
1-2 2-3
00
, | v, 3/ | t, oC | h, / | s, /() | u, / | |
1,0 | 1867,64 | |||||
2,5 | 2996,74 | 6,6234 | 2752,39 | |||
0,1 |
1. , , , ,
, ,
vx = v' + x (v'' v')=0,0011272337+0,5(0,1943489-0,0011272337)=0,00977381 (3/)
hx = h' + x (h'' h') = h' + xr=762,68+0,52014,44=1769,9 (/)
sx = s' + x (s'' s')=2,1384+0,5(6,585-2,1384)=4,36165 (/()).
T, C
T, C
T, C
x = 0
2.11
1-2, 2-3 1-2-3
() | q, / | l, / | Du, / | Dh, / | Ds, /() | |
1-2 | v1=v2 | 884,75 | 1080,23 | 1226,84 | 2,262 | |
2-3 | T1=T2 | 894,38 | 844,32 | 50,06 | 67,14 | 1,575 |
1-2-3 | 1779,13 | 844,32 | 1130,29 | 1293,98 | 3,837 |
q, / | l, / | Du, / | |
= const | h2 h1 | P (v2 v1) | h2 h1 P (v2 v1) |
v = const | u2 u1 | h2 h1 v (P2 P1) | |
= const | T (s2 s1) | q Du | h2 h1 (P2 v2 P1 v1) |
dq = 0 | u1 u2 | h2 h1 (P2 v2 P1 v1) |
3
. 2.3, 2.4, 2.5 ,v, T,s h,s . = 0 ( ) = 1 ( ), . ( = 0), ( = 0 = 1) ( = 1). , . .
|
|
. 2.3. ,v
. 2.4. T,s
. 2.5. h,s
:
= 22,115 ;
t = 374,12 ;
v = 0,003147 3/;
h = 2095,2 /;
s = 4,4237 /().
( = const) < , = > ,
(v = const), (t = const) t < t , t = t t > t ,
(s = const) ( = const).
, ( º t ), > t > t .
< , (. 2.3, 2.4, 2.5):
() (t < t);
() (t = t);
(t = t);
t = t;
t > t .
() [9]. . :
, :
1 = 103 = 106 = 10 ;
, : = t + 273,15;
t , ;
v , 3/;
h , /;
s , /().
. 1 . 2 [9] , . 1 , . 2 .
( t) () "" (v', h', s'), " " (v'', h'', s''). . 1 . 2 [9] r = h'' h' s'' s'.
( 0< x < 1) :
vx = v' + x (v'' v');
hx = h' + x (h'' h') = h' + xr;
sx = s' + x (s'' s').
, v' < vx < v''; h' < hx < h''; s' < sx < s''.
t < t t > t . 3 [9].
= 22,115 . 3 : ; . t = t.
> ( ). .
, :
u = h v.
u h /, , 3/.
h,s
h,s ( ) .
|
|
h,s ( . 2.5), (. 2.6).
h,s (. 2.6) , , . , , . , .
http://twt.mpei.ac.ru/ochkov/VPU_Book_New/mas/index.html
()
()