1
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3
4
:
1-
2-
, .
| (, , ) | u | l | 
| |||
| - | -33021 | 0,8 | ||||
:
..= S F, (1)
S , , -
, 
[2]
F 1 , [1]
..=
1 . ( [1])
1 .
| - . --, | - -, | -, | - -, | , | |
| : | 
| 
|
( 7 ÷ 10% )
. .= + 
(2)
, ( 1)
. .=
= 
, (3)
=
= 
(4)
=
2
|
|
|
2-
| , | , % | |
| 1. | ||
| 2. | ||
| 3. | ||
| 4. | ||
| : |
2
2.1
,
N .= 
(5)
- , . [2]
, [1]
N .=
( ) , .
:
R = 
, (6)
2,3,4,5 -
, 
, 
, 
-
( )
R =
.= , (7)
,
C = (
, (8)
, 
- , [1]
d - .
C =
.=
= 
, (9)
- , ( ),
N - ,
- , % [1]
=
( 18 22 ) ( 22 6 )
= 
, (10)
, - , [1] , [1]
Npe 
- ,
,
, , % [1]
=
= 
, (11)
- , % [1]
=
= 
, (12)
- , % [1]
=
= 
, (13)
- , % [1]
=
= +++ + + , (14)
=
= 
, (15)
, % [1]
=
= + , (16)
|
|
|
=
= 
, (17)
=
3.
3 .
| , | |||
| % | - | ||
| 1. | |||
| 2. | |||
| 3. | |||
| 4. | |||
| 5. | |||
| 6. | |||
| 7. | |||
| : |
2.2 .
L = l u . 
, (18)
l ,
u
. ,
-
......
L =
......
L =
L =
(,-1,-2)
= 
L , (19)
1000 , [1]
[5,. 253]
......
=
....
=
=
= 
L , (20)
- 1000 ,
[5,. 253]
= 
, (21)
1000 , [1]
, % [4]
......
=
......
=
......
=
......
=
=
.. = 
L .., (22)
.. 1000 ,
.. , -
..= 
(23)
- , [3]
- , [3]
- , - [3]
......
..=
......
..=
.. = 
, (24)
.. 1000 , [1]
......
.. =
......
.. =
......
.. =
......
.. =
.. =
2.3
2.3.1 , , , .
|
|
|
N = 
, (25)
-
, % [1]
N =
= N, (26)
- , [1]
, [1]
=
= 
, (27)
, % [1]
=
= 
, (28)
- , % [1]
=
= + + , (29)
=
= 
, (30)
- , % [1]
=
= + , (31)
=
= 
, (32)
=
,
N = u 
, (33)
, [1]
N =
,
= N , (34)
, , , [1]
=
N = 
, (35)
S , [2]
, , [1]
N =
= N , (36)
, [1]
=
, , ,
= + + , (37)
=
2.3.2
= N , (38)
, [1]
=
2.3.3
Q = 
, (39)
g ,
(g = 0,55/ × 
× 
)
g ,
(g = 0,15/ × × )
t , (t = 16-20 )
t , (t = -6 )
, [1]
Q =
V = h S, 
(40)
h , [4]
V =
|
|
|
= Q , (41)
1 , [1]
=
2.3.4 .
= 
, (42)
, [1]
R 1 
, (R = 20-30 )
- 1 , [1]
=
2.3.5 .
, :
200-300
300-600
600-800
= 
, (43)
- [2]
g - ,
S - 1 , [1]
=
= u . , (-) (44)
......
=
......
=
=
. = 
S.. , (45)
gn - , [1]
,
S.. 1 , [1]
. =
. = 
S.. , (46)
gg , [1]
S.. 1 , [1]
. =
= + . + ., (47)
=
2.3.6 .
. = 
, (48)
.. , % [1]
. =
2.3.7 .
.. = 
, (49)
.. , , % [1]
.. =
2.3.8 .
.. = 
, (50)
.. , % [1]
.. =
2.3.9 , .
.. = 
, (51)
... , , % [1]
.. =
2.3.10 .
. = 
, (52)
. - , ( 1)
. - , ) [1]
- ( = 0,5 
0,8)
,
( = 0,4 0,8)
( = 0,85 0,9)
( = 0,96)
- 1 × , [1]
. =
2.3.11 .
. = . N ., (53)
. - , [1]
. =
2.3.12
.. = 
, (54)
- 1 ,
- [1]
.. =
2.3.13 .
. = 
, (55)
.. 2.3.1 2.3.12,
. - , , % [1]
..= .+ . + . + . + . + .. + .. + (56)
+ .. + .. + . + . + + .,
..=
. =
2.3
. = .. + ., (57)
. =
2.3 4.
4
| , | % | |
| 1. , , , . | ||
| 2. | ||
| 3. | ||
| 4. | ||
| 5. | ||
| 6. | ||
| 7. , | ||
| 8. | ||
| 9. , | ||
| 10. | ||
| 11. | ||
| 12. | ||
| 13. | ||
| : |
|
|
|
2.4 .
= 
, (58)
,
,%
. = . + ., (59)
. =
=
, 5
5
| , | % | |
| 1. | ||
| 2. | ||
| - - | ||
| 3. | ||
| 4. | ||
| (.): |
6
6 .
| , | 1000 , (1 ) | |
| 1. | ||
| 2. | ||
| - - | ||
| 3. | ||
| 4. | ||
| (.): |
( , -1,-2)
= 
, (60)
,
N - (, -1,-2) [2]
= 
1000, (61)
L , [4]
S =
3
= . , (62)
, ( = 1,1 1,3)
=
:
. = 
, (63)
, %
. =
. = + ., (64)
=
= 
, (65)
- , %
=
= . + , (66)
=
. = ., (67)
=
. = 
, (68)
, %
, ( 2)
. =
.= . ., (69)
.=
. = 
, (70)
. , %
. =
. = . ., (71)
. =
. = 
, (72)
, (. 2 2)
=
1 1.09.2005 .
2 " "
3 . .: 1998.
4 / .. .: , 1997.
5 - . / .. .: , 1984.
, .
