.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


(I )




 

{{255}} 1; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1803 :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{256}} 2; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{257}} 3; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

XIX . :

¨ , ;

¨ ;

¨ , .. ;

¨ , .

{{258}} 4; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

XVIII - XIX . :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{259}} 5; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1- XIX :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{260}} 6; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1812 . ()():

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ , ;

¨ .

{{261}} 7; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

- "" - :

¨ .. ;

¨ .. ;

¨ .. ;

¨ .. .

{{262}} 8; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

.. :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ II;

¨ . .

{{263}} 9; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

14 1825 :

¨ II ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ " ".

{{264}} 10; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

XIX .?

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{265}} 11; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

():

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{266}} 12; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1830-1850- , , :

¨ ;

¨ -;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{267}} 13; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{268}} 14; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

" "?

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{269}} 15; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I:

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ -;

¨ .

{{270}} 16; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

19 1861 .:

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{271}} 17; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

II :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ " ";

¨ .

{{272}} 18; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1864 :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{273}} 19; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

60- XIX . :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{274}} 20; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

- 1877-1878 :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ - .

{{275}} 21; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

" " :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{276}} 22; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1894 :

¨ " ";

¨ ;

¨ III;

¨ - .

{{277}} 23; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ 1808-1809 .;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{278}} 24; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1826 . I ... , :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{279}} 25; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

, 1807 I, :

¨ ;

¨ , , .. ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{280}} 26; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I , .. , :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{281}} 27; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I :

¨ .. ;

¨ .. ;

¨ .. ;

¨ .. .

{{282}} 28; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{283}} 29; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

XIX .:

¨ 36

¨ 15

¨ 150

¨ 136

{{284}} 30; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{285}} 31; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

?

¨ , , ;

¨ , ;

¨ , , ;

¨ .

{{286}} 32; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I?

¨ , ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{287}} 33; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ 1815

¨ 1825

¨ 1837

¨ 1851

{{288}} 34; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

III ?

¨ , ;

¨

¨ ;

¨ ;

{{289}} 35; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

" " :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{290}} 36; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

():

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{291}} 37; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

- :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{292}} 38; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1861 ?

¨ , ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{293}} 39; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

?

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ - ;

¨ .

{{294}} 40; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1864 :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{295}} 41; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

, , - :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{296}} 42; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

III :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{297}} 43; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

III :

¨ ;

¨ -;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{298}} 44; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

III :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{299}} 45; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

.. :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{300}} 46; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{301}} 47; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{302}} 48; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

, :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{303}} 49; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{304}} 50; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I . :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{305}} 51; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I :

¨ I;

¨ . ;

¨ (.. , .. .), - ;

¨ .. .

{{306}} 52; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

XIX . . I :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{307}} 53; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

12 XIX . 8 , :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{308}} 54; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

.. :

¨ , , ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{309}} 55; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

.. 1810 . :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ , ;

¨ .

{{310}} 56; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1806-1807 . :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ , ;

¨ , .

{{311}} 57; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1807 . :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{312}} 58; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I, .. , :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{313}} 59; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

( ) " ":

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{314}} 60; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

( ) :

¨ (1807);

¨ (1772);

¨ (1793).

¨ (1814);

{{315}} 61; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1815 . , , :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{316}} 62; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I :

¨ .. ;

¨ .. ;

¨ .. ;

¨ .

{{317}} 63; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ .. ;

¨ .. ;

¨ .. ;

¨ .. .

{{318}} 64; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

.. :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{319}} 65; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

.. :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ , 18 ;

¨ .

{{320}} 66; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1824 . .. , :

¨ " " ;

¨ ;

¨ 1826 .;

¨ .

{{321}} 67; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

, I :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{322}} 68; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

" " .. :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{323}} 69; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

" " - XIX .:

¨ I;

¨ .. ;

¨ .. ;

¨ .. .

{{324}} 70; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1837 . :

¨ .. ;

¨ .. ;

¨ .. ;

¨ .. .

{{325}} 71; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{326}} 72; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ I;

¨ I;

¨ I;

¨ .. .

{{327}} 73; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1830-1831 . I . :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

¨ .

{{328}} 74; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1844 . , :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ( ) ;

¨ .

{{329}} 75; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

. :

 

¨ , ;

¨

¨ ;

¨ .

{{330}} 76; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

" - " :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{331}} 77; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1844 . .. . :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨

{{332}} 78; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{333}} 79; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

40- 50- . .. , , , , . :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ . ;

¨ .

{{334}} 80; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

, , ():

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ - .

{{335}} 81; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ () ();

¨ , .

{{336}} 82; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

, 1856 ., :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{337}} 83; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

( II) . :

¨ 1856-1857 .;

¨ , ;

¨ , , , ;

¨ .

{{338}} 84; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

19 1861. (5 1861 .) :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ( ) ;

¨ .

{{339}} 85; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

"" :

¨ , ;

¨ , "";

¨ , ;

¨ , .

{{340}} 86; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1861 . , :

¨ , ;

¨ ;

¨ .

¨ (, ) ;

{{341}} 87; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1 1864 . :

¨ , , , ;

¨ , ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{342}} 88; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ , ;

¨ .

{{343}} 89; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ , 10 ;

¨ "", " "; ", "

¨ ;

¨ .

{{344}} 90; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

19 1861 . 20-25% . ()():

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{345}} 91; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1864 .?

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{346}} 92; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1870 . :

¨ 700

¨ 200

¨ 1500

¨ 1700

{{347}} 93; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

"" .. , :

¨ ;

¨ .

¨ ;

¨ ;

{{348}} 94; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ ..;

¨ ..;

¨ .. ;

¨ .. .

{{349}} 95; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

" " :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{350}} 96; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

" " - :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{351}} 97; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

?

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ II;

¨ .

{{352}} 98; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

- :

¨ , ;

¨ ;

¨ , ;

¨ .

{{353}} 99; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

, .. , :

¨ " ";

¨ " ";

¨ " ";

¨ " ".

{{354}} 100; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

( ) :

¨ .. ;

¨ .. ;

¨ ..;

¨ .. .

{{355}} 101; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

.. :

¨ " ";

¨ " ";

¨ " ";

¨ " ".

{{356}} 102; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

- :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ , .

{{357}} 103; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1856 . ():

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{358}} 104; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ - 1904-1905 .;

¨ 1853-1856 .;

¨ -1812 .;

¨ 1700 - 1721 .

{{359}} 105; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{360}} 106; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

( ) :

¨ 1905-1907 .;

¨ 1861 .;

¨ 1801 .;

¨

{{361}} 107; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

, , :

¨ ;

¨ 1905-1907 .;

¨ I;

¨ 1864 .

{{362}} 108; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

"" :

¨ , ;

¨ , , ;

¨ , ;

¨ , .

{{363}} 109; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1864 . :

¨ , ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{364}} 110; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{365}} 111; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1803 . :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ 3 .

{{366}} 112; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

80- - 90- . XIX . :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{367}} 113; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

.. :

¨ I;

¨ II;

¨ ;

¨ I

{{517}} 114; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

.. :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{518}} 115; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1812 . - :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{519}} 116; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{520}} 117; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{521}} 118; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1864 . :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{522}} 119; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

II , :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{523}} 130; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

XIX . :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{524}} 121; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

- XIX .:

¨ ;

¨ , ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{525}} 122; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ " ";

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{526}} 123; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

- :

¨ 60-80- . XIX .;

¨ ;

¨ XIX .;

¨ , . .

{{527}} 124; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

:

¨ I;

¨ I;

¨ I;

¨ II;

¨ II.

{{528}} 125; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

(1817 - 1864 .) :

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{529}} 126; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

III :

¨ ;

¨ 1887 .;

¨ ;

¨ .

{{684}} 1; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

. (, )

 

 

¨

¨

¨

¨

{{685}} 2; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

1802.

 

 

¨

¨

¨

¨

{{686}} 3; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I

 

 

¨

¨

¨

¨

{{687}} 4; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I

 

 

¨

¨ II

¨

¨ I

{{688}} 5; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I

 

 

¨ 1801-1825 .

¨ 1762-1796 .

¨ 1825-1855 .

¨ 1855-1881 .

{{689}} 6; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I XIX .

 

 

¨

¨

¨

¨

{{690}} 7; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I ()

 

 

¨ 1812 .

¨

¨

¨ -

{{691}} 8; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I ()

 

 

¨ ,

¨

¨

¨

{{692}} 9; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I ()

 

 

¨

¨

¨

¨

{{693}} 10; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I

 

 

¨

¨

¨

¨

{{694}} 11; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

XIX

 

 

¨

¨

¨

¨

{{695}} 12; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

, , ,

 

¨ I

¨ II

¨ I

¨

{{696}} 13; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

,

 

 

¨ I

¨ I

¨ II

¨ I

{{697}} 14; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

, I, ,

 

 

¨

¨

¨

¨

{{698}} 15; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

, ,

 

 

¨ I

¨ I

¨ II

¨

{{699}} 16; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I

 

 

¨

¨

¨

¨

{{700}} 17; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I

 

 

¨

¨

¨

¨

{{701}} 18; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I

 

 

¨

¨

¨

¨

{{702}} 19; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I

 

 

¨

¨

¨

¨

{{703}} 20; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I

 

 

¨

¨

¨

¨

{{704}} 1; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I () ()

 

 

¨

¨

¨

¨

{{705}} 2; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I

 

¨

¨

¨

¨

{{706}} 3; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I

 

 

¨

¨

¨

¨

{{707}} 4; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I

 

 

¨

¨

¨

¨

{{708}} 5; = 0; = B; = 100; = 0;

I

 

 





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==> ...

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