.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





-

, , , . , .

- , () , - . , - . - . - , , .

- . , , . , , -, , .

(TDM) (, ), 10 /. - .

 

2.1.1

 

SONET SDH /
OC 1 - 51,84 /
OC 3 STM 1 155,52 /
OC 12 STM 4 622,08 /
OC 48 STM 16 2,4883 /
OC 192 STM 64 9,9533 /

 

(WDM) . . WDM- , .

 

 

, - , , . , . . 1 , , .


2.2.1 - -

 

P-I-N - (PIN) (APD) . PIN , . , . APD . , - APD ( ) 30 100 . APD , , PIN - .

, (transimpedanceamplifier - TIA). , TIA, , . TIA , ( ). - . TIA . , , , .

TIA . . . 1 2 mV, TIA , - (LA). , , , . , .

, - - (CDR). CDR , - - . ( - , ..), .

- (ITU - T) , . , - . CDR , , , ITU - T .

(jitter) . . (PLL) - , . (BER) , . CDR , , (deserializer). ( ) - .

 

 

- , , . . 1, - ( ), .

- : 1000 1300 , , 1500 1800 , . - (dB / ).

. , (LED) . , , !

, - . WDM , - , , . - / , . .

, , , . . . . , , .

(APC). , . , , . "" . , APC, ().

, , .

( - ), , . , . - , , . . , .

. 2 3 (STM4), , .


2.3.1 - .

2.3.2 - .

 

, ITU - T. MAXIM . , -n- 6,4 , n--n - 8,7 . n--n 27 . STM 4 + 3,3.

 

 

, , , , . , . , . .

, . . 3.1, : PDH, SDH ATM.

3.1 -

 

PDH/SDH (), (), , , , . . 3.2. , , . , ( ). , . , , . . , . .

, , , , .

- (), . , , ( , , ..). , , , .

C : (PDH), (SDH) () (ATM). .

 

3.2 -

 

ATM . PDH SDH , , (. 3.1), , ISDN (B-ISDN). ATM , , , .

SDH

 

SDH . .

SDH PDH, SDH:
. SDH , , ;
PDH, SDH PDH . -;
, -;
PDH , PDH , , , ATM, MAN, HDTV ..;
. , SDH, TMN. SDH .

SDH .

:
-- - (. trib, tributary - , , ) PDH SDH;
-- - , PDH;
-- - , ;
-- - , ;
-- - 9*9=81 .

SDH STM. SDH .3.1.1 SDH, , STM-16, , STM-4, STM-1.

3.1.1 - , SDH

 

SDH SDH/PDH. SDH "", (. 3.1.2). "" SDH. SDH, SDH PDH.

3.1.2 - PDH/SDH

SDH

 

SDH, SDH. SDH. - , SDH.

SDH, , : , , , . , :

  • , SDH - , - ;
  • / / - , / - ADM, , - , ;
  • , , - , -, - - DXC;
  • - ( ) - , ;
  • () , , - , - , LAN;
  • SDH - , - , , , , , ..

 

. SDH .
SDH , , PDH . , , .. , . SDH - SMUX, , . , , SDH : /.
TM SDH , PDH SDH (.3.1.). , .. , , .. .
/ ADM , (.3.1.). / . , , ADM , ("" "") . , ( ) . ADM .

3.2.1 - (SMUX):
/ ADM.

 

, - , STM-N (.3.2.).
SDH . 15 - 40 . 1300 40 - 80 . - 1500 .

3.2.2 - .

 

. SDH, . .3.3., , TU , . , , , , (.3.4.), . , , , .. , (.3.4.).
- SDXC, , () STM-N (.3.5). , TU TU. .

3.2.3 - / .

3.2.4 - / .

3.2.5 - .

 

, :
--- (routing) VC, ROH ;
--- (consolidation/hubbing) VC, /;
--- (translation) , , " - ";
--- (drooming) VC, VC VC, ;
--- VC, ;
---/ (drop/insert) , /;

 

SDH

 

"-".

, A B, " - ", SDH (.3.3.1). , /, 1+1, ( /).

3.3.1 - "-", .

" ".

, , . , .3.3.2, 1+1, .3.3.3 " ".

3.3.2 - " ", TDM.

3.3.3 - " " " " 1+1

"", .

, SDH , , , , (.3.3.4)

3.3.4 - "" c

 

 

"".

3.3.5 - "" c 1+1

 

(.3.3.5) SDH SDH (155 622 /). - 1+1, SMUX /: - , .

 

 

( ) , , , . 10 21 . , , . , , .

 

 

1. : . / . . [ .]. . . . . - .: , 1988. 624 .

2. , 2007. 23.

3. -200: . / ... - : , 1988. - 65 .

 

 





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