1
, (), , ( , , ..), , (, ) , :
‑ ;
‑ , , , ;
‑ , , , , , ;
- - .
- , , , , , , , ..
, , , , ( ), ( ), . , , , . , , - . .
:
=10 lg (I / I .), (1)
I . ‑ .
, = L 1 - L .c, L 1 =10 lg I +120 ‑ I, /2. , , .. .
, " " ( ), 1000 .
, 30-40 ( 1000 ) 250...500 6 , , , ‑ .
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, . : ( ), ( 3 / ) ‑ , .
, ( ‑ , ‑ ) , .. . , . "" , , .
, , , , .
, , (). 1000 . , .
. 1. , 1000 , . 2.
() . , , , , , . , , , , .
, .
, , . , .
. S, W, . ( ), S W .3.
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150...7000 . 20 . 0,05. , . w, , , , .. D = 0,05 w. w = . ‑ ., . ‑ ; . ‑ .
, . w , . w, , . 4.
(S) (W) , ( ), . 3, . 5. , , .. , . .. :
..= 0,05*(1,34 w 1 + 2,5 w 2 + 4,24 w 3 +5,88 w 4 +5 w 5 +1,04 w 6), (2)
w i ‑ (250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 6000).
. , ( ), 15%, 25% 75% (. . 5).
, : .. = 0,05 (1,34 w 1 + 2,5 w 2 + 4,24 w 3 + 5,88 w 4 + 5w5 + 1,04 w 6) = 0,15.
w i 1000 , .
.. = 0,15 100% , , 21,2% ( 1000 ), W1000 = W3 = 0,054,240,15 /100 = 3,15/100 = 0,0315. . 4 W = 0,03 = . . = - 9 . , , , W = 0,02, . = . . = -10 1000 .
, , , . 6.
, 60 . , , , . 0,85 . . , 0,6 .
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I . - I p . a= I / I = r2 / r2 ( ) Q = L - L = 20 lg (r/r), L L ‑ , r r _ . Q r ( ) 500...1000 :
Q , = 12,5 lg r + 14 (3)
r < 200 /2;
Q , = 14,5 lg r +15 (4)
r > 200 /2;
Q , = 14 lg (r1r1)+20 lg d-13 (5)
r = 30...100 /2; r1 r1 ‑ , d - .
Q nep 3 ‑ 5 500...1000 ; 50...250 6 , , 4000 6 . Q nep . 7.
:
Q = Q 1 - 10 lg [1 + (S o/(S 1 + S o))*(100,1(Q 1- Q o) - 1)], (6)
Q nep ‑ ;
Q 1 ‑ ( );
Q o ‑ ;
S 1 ‑ ;
S o ‑ .
. ( ) L 2 :
L 2 = L 1 + 10 lg (S / A) - Q , (7)
: L 2 ‑ ;
L 1‑ ;
S ‑ , ;
- , 2;
Q ‑ 500...1000 .
10 lg (S / A), , . , , , 6 , L 2 :
L 2 = L 1+ 6 Q . (8)
.
1.
, f | , | ||||||||||
-20 | -25 | -30 | -35 | -40 | -45 | -50 | -55 | ||||
67,9 | |||||||||||
66,9 | |||||||||||
61,5 | |||||||||||
57,0 | |||||||||||
53,0 | |||||||||||
48,5 | |||||||||||
, | 32,3 | 36,6 | 41,6 | ||||||||
-25 ‑ ; -30 ‑ ; -35 ‑ ; -45 ‑ ; -50 ‑ ; -55 ‑ | |||||||||||
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2.
, 1000
, (f = 1000) | |
: | |
( ) | 30-35 |
55-60 | |
60-75 | |
10-20 | 80-85 |
5 |
2.
10-20 | 60-75 |
10-20 | 50-65 |
6 | |
: | |
, | |
1 | 20-25 |
3 | 45-50 |
1 : | 55-60 |
65-70 | |
65-70 | |
35-40 | |
30-35 | |
40-50 | |
25-30 | |
20-25 |
3.
(), (S)
(W)
, . . | S, % | W, % | , . . | S, % | W, % |
0,05 | 5,0 | 30,0 | 0,55 | 84,0 | 98,5 |
0,10 | 15,0 | 63,0 | 0,60 | 87,0 | 98,8 |
0,15 | 26,0 | 76,0 | 0,65 | 90,0 | 99,0 |
0,20 | 36,0 | 85,0 | 0,70 | 92,5 | 99,2 |
0,25 | 46,0 | 90,0 | 0,75 | 95,2 | 99,4 |
0,30 | 54,0 | 93,0 | 0,80 | 96,5 | 99,6 |
0,35 | 62,5 | 94,5 | 0,85 | 98,0 | 99,7 |
0,40 | 69,0 | 96,0 | 0,90 | 99,0 | 99,8 |
0,45 | 75,0 | 97,0 | 0,95 | 99,5 | 99,9 |
0,50 | 80,0 | 98,0 | 1,00 | 100,0 | 100,0 |
4.
w,
E
E, | w, . . | E, | w, . . | E, | w, . . | E, | w, . . |
-8 | 0,040 | 0,50 | 0,960 | ||||
E < 15 | -7 | 0,050 | 0,60 | 0,970 | |||
w = 0 | -6 | 0,060 | 0,70 | 0,980 | |||
-5 | 0,075 | 0,80 | 0,985 | ||||
-15 | 0,002 | -4 | 0,095 | 0,83 | 0,990 | ||
-14 | 0,005 | -3 | 0,110 | 0,86 | 0,995 | ||
-13 | 0,007 | -2 | 0,140 | 0,88 | 1,000 | ||
-12 | 0,010 | -1 | 0,17 | 0,900 | |||
-11 | 0,015 | 0,20 | 0,915 | E > 36 | |||
-10 | 0,020 | 0,30 | 0,930 | w = 1 | |||
-9 | 0,030 | 0,40 | 0,945 |
5.
(A ), (S) (W)
, % | |||
() | (S) | (W) | |
15-22 | 25-40 | 75-87 | |
22-31 | 40-56 | 87-93 | |
31-50 | 56-80 | 93-98 | |
50 | 80 | 98 |
6.
.. = 0,05*(1,34 w 1 +2,5 w 2 +4,24 w 3 + 5,88 w 4 +5 w 5 +1,04 w 6) | |||||||
, | |||||||
, % | |||||||
6,7 | 12,5 | 21,2 | 29,4 | 5,2 | |||
A.., % | , w i | ||||||
6
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E. = B. B. , | |||||||
< 15 | <-12 | 0,015 -11 | 0,02 -10 | 0,03 -9 | 0,03 -9 | <-12 | |
15 22 | 0,01 -12 | 0,02 -10 | 0,03 -9 | 0,04 -8 | 0,04 -8 | 0,007 <-12 | |
22 31 | 0,015 -11 | 0,03 -9 | 0,04 -8 | 0,06 -6 | 0,05 -7 | 0,011 -12 | |
31 50 | 0,02 -10 | 0,04 -8 | 0,06 -6 | 0,09 -4 | 0,077 -5 | 0,016 -11 | |
>= 50 | 0,03 -9 | 0,06 -6 | 0,11 -3 | 0,147 -2 | 0,125 -2 | 0,026 -10 |
7.
, | , /2 | Q, | ||
1. | ||||
( ): | ||||
1.1. | 0,5 | 120,0 | 204,0 | 48,0 |
1.2. | 1 | 250,0 | 425,0 | 53,0 |
1.3. | 1,5 | 380,0 | 646,0 | 56,0 |
1.4. | 2 | 520,0 | 884,0 | 58,0 |
1.5. | 2,5 | 640,0 | 1088,0 | 59,0 |
1.6. | , | 140,0 | 240,0 | 49,5 |
1.7. | 160,0 | 280,0 | 50,4 | |
1.8. | 380,0 | - | 51,0 | |
1.9. | 510,0 | - | 54,0 | |
1.10. | 100,0 | 240,0 | 49,0 | |
1.11. | 140,0 | 340,0 | 51,0 | |
1.12. | 160,0 | 400,0 | 52,0 | |
1.13. | 180,0 | 430,0 | 53,0 | |
1.14. | 200,0 | 500,0 | 54,0 | |
1.15. | 300,0 | 750,0 | 56,6 | |
1.16. | 800,0 | 2000,0 | 62,8 | |
1.17. | () | 80,0 | 115,0 | 39,7 |
1.18. | 95,0 | 135,0 | 40,6 | |
1.19. | 240,0 | 270,0 | 50,25 |
7
1.20. | 80,0 | 100,0 | 39,0 | |
1.21. | 100,0 | 150,0 | 41,2 | |
1.22. | 120,0 | 195,0 | 42,6 | |
1.23. | , | 220,0 | 360,0 | 52,0 |
: | ||||
1.24. | 25 | 130,0 | 120,0 | 40,0 |
1.25. | 26 | 170,0 | 150,0 | 42,0 |
: | ||||
1.26. | 26 | 150,0 | 135,0 | 40,0 |
1.27. | 28,5 | 200,0 | 185,0 | 43,0 |
1.28. | 140,0 | 150,0 | 42,0 | |
1.29. | 230,0 | 250,0 | 50,0 | |
1.30. | 140,0 | 150,0 | 42,0 | |
1.31. | 250,0 | 400,0 | 52,7 | |
1.32. | 190,0 | 190,0 | 43,0 | |
1.33. | 290,0 | 270,0 | 50,0 | |
1.34. | - | 20,0 | 12,0 | 27,4 |
1.35. | 2 , | 60,0 | 70,0 | 37,0 |
1.36. | 2,5 , | 70,0 | 76,0 | 39,0 |
1.37. | 10 , 2,5 | 180,0 | 95,0 | 45,0 |
1.38. | 190,0 | 96,0 | 47,0 | |
1.39. | 3 2,5 , | 30,0 | 8,0 | 26,0 |
1.40. | 5 | 55,0 | 12,0 | 29,0 |
1.41. | 6,5 | 70,0 | 14,0 | 34,0 |
7
1.42. | 1 1,5 8 | 110,0 | 117,0 | 41,0 |
2. | ||||
2.1. | 3,0 | - | 22,0 | |
2.2. | 4,0 | - | 26,0 | |
2.3. | 6,0 | - | 26,0 | |
2.4. | , 57 , (.‑ .) | 3,0/3,0 | - | 32,0 |
2.5. | 3,0/3,0 | - | 42,0 | |
2.6. | , 90 , | 3,0/3,0 | - | 38,0 |
2.7. | 3,0/3,0 | - | 43,0 | |
2.8. | , 57 , | 4,0/4,0 | - | 38,0 |
2.9. | 4,0/4,0 | - | 41,0 | |
2.10. | , 90 , | 4,0/4,0 | - | 41,0 |
2.11. | , 57 , | 6,0/3,0 | - | 35,0 |
2.12. | , 90 , | 6,0/3,0 | - | 37,0 |
2.13. | , 38 , | 6,0/6,0 | - | 40,0 |
2.14. | , 190 | 6,0/6,0 | - | 45,0 |
2.15. | , 400 | 6,0/6,0 | - | 48,0 |
7
3. | ||||
2,5 ( ) 4,5 : | ||||
3.1. | - | - | 18,0 | |
3.2. | - | - | 23,0 | |
3.3. | , 2,5 3 | - | - | 10,0 |
3.4. | , 90200 , | - | - | 22,0 |
40 , 4 : | ||||
3.5. | - | - | 24,0 | |
3.6. | - | - | 32,0 | |
- 4‑6 50 , : | ||||
3.7. | - | - | 30,0 | |
3.8. | - | - | 33,0 | |
, : | ||||
3.9. | - | - | 28,0 | |
3.10. | - | - | 32,0 | |
3.11. | 90210 , | - | - | 25,0 |
3.12. | () | - | - | 30,0 |