( )
5
:
16
:
-04-12
: ..
1
, Ag2So4. =1,2*10-5
=1,2*10-5= 22*=43
max= 3√ (/4)=0,019
[ Ag+ ]=2Cmax=0.03
Ag+/Ag= E0Ag+/Ag=0.059/1*lg0.03 = 0.709
2
2.1 , 1, . max .
Ag|Ag2SO4 c=0.015 || AgNO3 c=1|Ag
C = 1 / = 0,01 /
E=Ek-Ea
() = =0,01 /
EpAg+/Ag=E0Ag/Ag+ lna(Me) = 0,709 B
C = 1 /
EpAg+/Ag=E0Ag+/Ag = 0,709 B
(K-) Ag|Ag2SO4|| Ag2SO4|Ag (A+)
Ep(2) = 0,799 B (0,0591/1*lg1) B = 0,799 B
Ep=Ep(2)-Ep(1)
Cu0 + 2e> Cu2+ |1
Ag+ + e > Ag0 |2
Amax= n*F*E = 0 B
Cu0 + 2Ag+ > Cu2+ + 2Ag0
2.2 , 1, .
: () Pd () Pb
2.2.1 E0Pb2+/Pb=-0.126 B
E0Pd2+/Pd= +0,987
(K-) Pd2+ +2e Pd
(A+) Pb Pb2+ + 2e
TOP: Pd2+ + Pb Pd + Pb2+
2.2.2 )
E = -GTOP/(n*F)
∆G=∆G-∆G= -200,8
= 1,04
)
E=Ek-Ea
E= 1,1
. .
2.2.3 .
EpPd2+/Pd=E0Pd2+/Pd+ lna(Me)
. .
2.2.4
,
+0,987
I, /2
-0.126
2.2.5 U=E-Ir-∆E
, U c Ag+
Ag2SO4 AgNO3 u2+ . , , .
3. .
1
3.1 Fe | FeSO4 | Fe
A: Fe2+ + 2e > Fe0
2+ + 2 > H2 | K: Fe0 - 2e > Fe2+
H2O 2e > 2H+ + ½ O2 |
2Fe2 + 3/2 O2 > Fe2O3
3.1.1
Umin= E0
E0= E0 Fe2+/Fe0 (0.059/2)*lg [ Fe+ ] (E0* Fe2+/Fe0 + (0.059/2) lg [ Fe2+ ]) + E0 O2/OH- - E0*H/H+ =1.23
|
|
EpH+/H2=-0.059pH, pH≈5, EpH+/H2=-0.295B
E0Cu2+/Cu=0.337
, - 2 .
A: 4OH-→O2+2H2O+4e
K: Cu2+ + 2e→ Cu
2H++2e→H2↑
3.1.2 , t? .
3.1.3 Pt | FeSO4 | Pt
K: Fe2+ + 2e > Fe0
2H+ + 2e > H2 |
: 2 2 > ½ O2 + 2H+
EpO2/OH-
Umin
E0Fe2+/Fe
EpFe2+/Fe Fe,k
3.1.3 , .
3.2
Ti d=0,5 h=2 . NaCl I=50 A i= 50%,. 4,5 /3 . .
Ti=m/M=V*p/m= (* r2*h*p)/ M=0.1476
EpH+/H2 = -0,059 pH = -0,413 B
E0Na+/Na = -2,714 B
EpO2/OH- = 0,817 B
E0Cu2+/Cu = 0,337 B
E0Cl2/Cl- = 1,359 B
EpH+/H2 > E0Na+/Na
K: 2H+ + 2e → H2
A: 4OH- → O2 + 2H2O + 4e
Cu → Cu2+ + 2e
11.2 - 96500 *
q=965 *
0.112 - *
Q(Cu) = 0,95q = 916,75
m= = 0,304
V = m/ = 0,034 3
H = = 0,04
4. .
3.1 Fe Co CuSo4 c 0,02 / 298 0,48, 1.
3.2 , .
ZnCl2 → Zn2+ + 2Cl-
Zn(OH)2 Hl
:
Zn2+ + HOH→ ZnOH+ + H+
ZnOH+ + HOH→ Zn(OH)2 + H+
2(Zn(OH)2) = 1,5*10-9
= w/ 2(Zn(OH)2) = 6,66*10-6
β = (/)1/2 = 0,01
+ = β* = 4*10-4/
= -lgCH+ = 3,39
EpH+/H2=-0.059*pH= -0.2 B
EpO2/OH-=1,23+0.0147lg(p(2)) = 1,22
E0Zn2+/Zn = -0,763 B
E0Sn2+/Sn = -0,136 B
E0Sn2+/Sn > E0Zn2+/Zn -
E0Zn2+/Zn < EpH+/H2
EpO2/OH- > E0Zn2+/Zn
A: Zn→ Zn2++2e
K: O2+4H++4e→2H2O
2H++2e→ H2
4.3
) :
E( ) > E( )
E0Zn2+/Zn = -0,763 B
E0Sn2+/Sn = -0,136 B
E0u2+/Cu = 0,521 B
- Zn→Zn2+ + 2e
( ) < ( )
E0Zn2+/Zn = -0,763 B
E0Sn2+/Sn = -0,136 B
E0Al3+/Al = -1,662 B
:
Al → Al3+ + 3e
)
|
|
() < ( )
E0Zn2+/Zn = -0,763 B
E0Sn2+/Sn = -0,136 B
E0Mn2+/Mn = -1,180 B
: Mn→Mn2+ + 2e -
: