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, . . , ; , : , , , , . . , , -. . . () ( ) , ; . (, ). : , , , (, ) ( ).

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( . . ) - , .-. , . . . , -, . ( ) ( ), . ( ). ( ) (1992). (. ) --. - . , - ... . , : ( 800), ; . , - . . ; -

. () . . . - () . . . , . , , . 20 .

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(1875-1933) -, , , . . (1887-95) , - (1895-98), , , . . . ; . 90- . ; . , . 1909 (.. .) ; 1917 , (. , . , . , . .), - ; 1917-29 , 1929-33 .

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, , ; , . . ; ., , . . . . -., -., -, . .

20- . . : . ; . . ; ., , , . , ; . , , , . . , , ; , ., , . , - . . .

. , , , . . . , , , - . . 20- . . , . , , , , . . . 20- . . . , . , . .

, . . 20- . . . , , , , , , ., , , , , , .

, ., ( , ; -. ); , ; , ; ., ; , - .

- , . , , . , . . . . . , . . , , . , , , .

. 20- . . - , 20-30- . , ( , ), . , , , , , , , , . , ; . , , .. . : , ; . - , .. . -, . : , . . . . . . .

. , , , . , . , - , , . . . , ; . . , . . (, .), . , , . ., -. . ( , -

, 18-. 19 . ..), . . - . . . . . . : , .

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(Lasch) (. 1926) . , . . - (), 70-80 . - . -. . - ( . , , - .) . , , . . . . , . , , , . . -. -. , . , , , ., . . , -, . .

. , . -. , - , . , - . , - : , - , ; . , . - -ߔ, ߔ; , ( ), . . . . - . . . . (. ) , , , .. . , . . , , , . . ( .), , , . , , , , . , .

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