(integrated development environment - IDE) - , , - (), (), , , .
- . , UNIX, (toolkit, toolbox), , ( UNIX) (command line interface).
, , , 1980- .
Turbo Pascal [1] Borland, 1980- . , .
Microsoft , Visual Studio, . , Visual Studio 2013, .
1980- ., :
- (Turbo Pascal, Turbo C, Turbo C++, Delphi .) Borland , MS DOS, - Windows;
GNU Emacs [2] - , MS DOS, Windows, OpenVMS Linux. , Sun Microsystems 1990- ., GNU Emacs, Solaris.
- Smalltalk [3] Xeror PARC - , - just-in-time (JIT, ) , - (native) .
- Borland . : - - - - - , - . - . - , , , , .
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- (build) , make (F9), make UNIX, .
- - (, ) unit (), (compilation unit). 5.5. , Windows, Borland - Borland Pascal Delphi ( Borland, ).
1990- . - - (5.5, 6.0), (, , , , .), , , - IBM PC 640 MS DOS. (overlay). 640 ( MS DOS) , , , 2 . (units) . , - mainframe-, . - , . " PC, - " - .