Mark-1
1937 (Howard Aiken) . IBM (Tomas Watson), 500 . .
MARK-1 1939 , - IBM. 750 . , 3304 800 . . . 1944 .
, 24- , . , .
Ferranti Mark 1, 1951 , , , . , , 1948- 1987 . . Ferranti Mark 1 SSEM, Baby (1948), Manchester Mark 1 (1949), . Manchester Mark 1 , Manchester Transistor Computer (1953), , Meg, Ferranti Mercury. , 1962 , Atlas, 60-, . MU5 MU6 ICL.
, Ferranti Mark 1 UNIVAC , , , ( , ). UNIVAC , Ferranti Mark 1 . . UNIVAC , , , , : , . Mark 1 ; , . , , . , -, , Enigma. Colossus, Lorenz.
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Mark 8
1974 . Mark 8. "Radio-Electronics". , Mark 8 . 48 , . , ( i8008, , 256 , 16 ..). , Mark 8, , , , (ROM), Mark 8 . , , "-" . . , "" .
70- . , , , . , Mark 8.
Altair 8800
1975 . - Altair 8800. , , , "" .
Altair 8800 , MITS Incorporated. i8080. Intel $300 . Intel "" , $75. , . , Altair 8800 $400 , .
... "Railway Express". Altair 8800 "Popular Electronics" "Railway Express". . , "". ! , . , Altair 8800, 100- , .
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"" The Altair Bus, S-100 Bus. Altair 8800 12 , (-, ), , , -, , , .. S-100 Bus , , .
S-100 Bus , "S-100 Bus Standards Committee" ( 1983 . S-100 Bus IEEE-696).
Altair 8800 "". - -. , , "", , . S-100 Bus , . IBM PC 80- .
Imsai 8080
"", 1976 ., Imsai 8080, IMS Associates. - () , , Altair 8800. "", S-100 Bus, 70- . NorthStar Horizon, -, Vector-1, Godbout/Compupro ( 16- 8086), TEI, Wynchester, Sol-10, Sol-20 The Compuduct "Rainbow", 12- .
Altair 8800 . "" Basic. , MITS Microsoft. Basic 4 ( Altair 8800 256 RAM, 1 $97), "Basic " Tiny Basic ( " "), 2 RAM. S-100 Bus /.
:
, , , 70- Intel. : Motorola 6800, Rockwell 6502, MOS MSC6502 ( 1 ). SWTPC, Southwest Technical Products Corporation 1976 . ( ) . $400. AIM 65 (1977 .), Jolt. Microcomputer Associates 1975 . $249 ( $348). 512 RAM ( 4 ), 1 ROM (TTY EIA).
, Motorola 6800 Altair 680b MITS, .
, 1977 (CompuColor II, Apple II, TRS-80, Commodore PET), , , , . ( ) . , , : 5- (1976 .), ( 1977 . Siemens ) , , . , . Homo Sapiens Homo Ludens (" "), . , "" , , ( ), , ..
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70- - . , . , , . "" " " , , - , . Altair 8800 Mark 8 , - , .