8.
:
V ۻ.
:
.
:
.
:
, , , , - .
:
(NH4)2S, FeCL3, MnSO4, NaBiO3 (.), NaOH, H2O, NH4OH, Na2S, HCl, MgCL2, HNO3, NH4Cl (), NH4CNS, K4[Fe (CN)6], K3 [Fe (CN)6 ],
CH3COOH.
:
, . , . .
:
, , .
: :
1. . 5
2. . 4
3. . 3
.
.
:
Fe2+, Fe+3, Mg+2, Mn+2. Fe+2, Fe+3, Mn+2 d , Mg+2 s . Mn+2, Mg+2 , Fe+2 -, Fe+3 .
, , . . Fe+2, Fe+3, Mn+2 Mg+2 . , . , . , . - . . Fe+2, Fe+3 Mn+2 .
. . .
:
4Fe (OH) 2 + O2 + H2O = 4Fe (OH) 3¯
2Mn (OH) 2 + O2 + H2O 2Mn (OH) 4 MnO (OH)
Fe3+ Fe(OH)3, Mg(OH)2.
FeCl3 +3KOH = Fe (OH)3 ¯ +3KCl
|
|
|
MgCl2 +2KOH = Mg (OH)2 ¯ +2KCl
Mg(OH) :
Mg (OH)2 +2H+ = Mg +2H2O
Mg (OH)2 +2NH4+ = Mg +2NH4OH
.
:
1.
.
1. 4 (Fe2+, Fe+3, Mg+2, Mn+2).
1 . NaOH.
3. _______________
.
FeCL2 + NaOH =
_______________
FeCL3 + NaOH =
_______________
MnCL2 + NaOH =
_______________
MgCL2 + NaOH =
_______________
2.
.
I. Fe+2
) (III) K3 [Fe(CN)6] Fe2+ Fe3+:
Fe2+ + [Fe(CN)6 ]3_ Fe3+ + [Fe(CN)6 ]4-.
Fe (II) :
Fe3+ + K+ + [Fe(CN)6 ]4- KFe3+ [Fe2+ (CN)6 ] ¯.
KFe3+ [Fe2+ (CN)6 ]¯ .
. . Fe2+ .
1. Fe+2
2. :
_______________
3. _________________________________________
.
) (NH4)2 S (II) (II):
Fe2++ S2- = FeS ¯
.
1. 1-2 Fe2+ 1-2 .
2. :
_______________
3. :
Fe SO4 + (NH4)2S =
_______________
) .
Fe2+ , , , , . , (II) Mn2+:
- , :
FeSO4 +KnO4 +H2SO4 = MnSO4 + K2SO4 +Fe 2(SO4)3 +H2O
_______________
(II) :
2FeSO4 + H2O2 +4KOH = 2K2SO4 + 2Fe (OH) ¯
_______________
II. Fe+3.
) NaOH KOH.
Fe+3 . Fe (OH)3 .
1. Fe(OH)3 (. 1).
