11
, , , , .
- ;
- ;
- ;
- , .
() .
. , . . , () . , . , , , .
() - 20 20, Dp p = 101 .
Dp () , ( - ). , . .
. E () t (), S (2), , I (/2). , , :
I = E/tS = Dp2/rc, (1)
r - , /3 ..
- , /.
20: r = 1,20 /3, = 344 /;
rc - , rc = 410 × / .
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() ( ) . L I :
L = lg (I/I0),
I0 - , , , - .
W (), .. , (/). W () I (/2) :
S - , .
, r , (.. ) :
W = I S = I 2pr2, (2)
I - , S r.
20 20. - .
. , f f, . f f = . , , 31, 63, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000 .
. 1000 Dp = 2 10-5 . Dp . (1), , Io = 10-12 /2.
: LI, Lp, ,
LI = 10×lg(I/Io), Io = 10-12 /2 (3a)
Lp= 10×lg (Dp/Dpo)2, Dp = 2×10-5 (3b)
LW
LW= 10×lg (W/Wo), Wo = 10-12 (3c)
LI = Lp = L. L, I, p. .
, , Dp . , Dp, . .
LW , , W Wo .
, , :
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.1 |
1. LW .
2. .
LW (2) LW L S, R (.1)
LW = L+ 10×lg(S/So) = L+ 10×lg(2pR2), (4)
L - S (2), So = 12.
Lp, ( ) , , . . .
:
) n- LWi ;
) ri i- ( );
) B .
) Lp .
, . . I I I:
I = I + I = + ,
- (. . 2).
, (n) W, :
(5)
ri - i- . .
L , (5) Io = WoSo (So = 12) :
L = 10×lg = LW + 10×lg( + ), (6)
n , Dp Dpi (i = 1,2,...,n)
Dp2 =
:
Lp = 10 lg(Dp/Dpo)2 = 10 lg( ) = 10 lg()
Lpi i- .
: Lp , L = 50 L = 57,2 .
Lp = 10 lg(100,1 L+100,1 L) = 10 lg(100,1×50 + 100,1×57,2) = 58 . (7)
1. .
2. .