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Taking Care Of Your Clothes




Step1

It is very important to know, how to take care of clothes, which you wear every day. Everyone has to know that clothes need good care, good drying and good washing. Every item of clothes has its own methods of keeping it in good condition. When you buy clothes in fashionable shops, look on the label about how to wash it, how to dry it, what temperature it needs. So, you have to learn wash and bleach symbols, water temperature.

Step2

This information will help you look after your garments in a right way. Except wash and bleach symbols, the label of every cloth item should locate information on dry and iron symbols. These symbols are in the form of little iron, clothes washer. If the laundry washer is crossed, it means that it is prohibited to wash your cloth item in the laundry washer. So, you have to wash it by hands and dry on the fresh air. But if clothes washer is not crossed, you can wash it in the machine.

Sometimes it is not allowed to dry clothes in the washing and drying machine. Then you have to dry them on the balcony, on the fresh air. Wash and bleach symbols show you whether it is necessary to bleach your clothes and to wash in the clothes washer. If you wash your clothes, just look at their labels, where the water temperature is shown. Most of the clothes are washed by the normal temperature of 30-40 degrees; it is called normal wash and dry temperature. But some clothes need special care and cold or very hot temperature.

Step3

If you want your white clothes to be always white, use bleach. If it is allowed to bleach your cloth material, you will read it at wash and bleach symbols. But if you have colourful clothes, don't use bleach for them, because you will spoil their structure. When you look through wash and bleach symbols, concentrate your attention on what kind of bleach is more effective for your white garments. It can be chlorine bleach and non chlorine bleach. The more concentrated chemical elements the bleach has, the more strong and effective it is.

If textile factories produce good high-quality drapery, many world famous designers and fashion companies buy it and make stylish fashionable clothes with labels including wash and bleach symbols, and dry and iron symbols.
Learn how to take care of your clothes, and you will look fascinating every day in every item of cloth.

 

"Put money in thy purse"-SHAKESPEARE

INSIGNIFICANT things are not always as unimportant as we may think. We are told, in the old story, that once upon a time a kingdom was lost for the want of a horseshoe nail. It is so in matters of the toilette, where the slight, but none the less important, detail is most frequently overlooked.

It is very simple, of course, to have one's tailor or cleaning establishment so skilfully press, steam, or dry clean our coats, suits, and gowns to transform them to almost original newness, but equally important are routine details in their daily care. For this reason one should always have certain aids and conveniences at hand. Clothes-hangers, shoe-trees, whisk-broom, a bottle of ammonia for sponging, a spot remover, mending tissue, paper or cloth bags for covering clothes when hanging, together with the inevitable little work-basket containing snaps, hooks and eyes, and an assortment of coloured threads for mending, are all important factors of beauty in dress.

Frocks should never be hung up in a closed wardrobe or clothes-press immediately after being removed, but should be placed on hangers where they may be thoroughly aired. One can not be too careful in avoiding any odour of perspiration. Evening gowns of frail materials, such as tulle, chiffon, crepe, or lace, should also be aired and then neatly folded in layers of tissue-paper and laid in long roomy boxes or bureau drawers. The shoulders, and sleeves if there be any, should be filled out into shape with crushed tissue-paper.

A good street suit should be used for outside wear only and never as part of a house dress. Never wear the suit skirt as a separate skirt if you wish to get your money's worth from the suit. With a tailored suit, some women get two skirts and wear them alternately, since most coats will outwear two skirts.

 

3

-

UNIT 1

accidentally

ancient

awl

bark

bear

blanket

button

camel

chiton

composite ,

dhotis

discover ,

draped ,

edge

expensive

extremely

fabric

fiber

flax

fringed

fur

grass

hide ( )

himations

hip

interlacing

invent

knotted ,

leather

medieval

needle

notch ,

own

pin

plant

plate

ravelling ,

reed

robe

rope

saris

sasher ,

scarce

schenti

sewing

sinew

skin ( )

slender

spinning

spinning wheel

spread

stem

stolas

strand

string

tailored ,

tendon

thimble

tie ,

toggle ()

tough

twist ,

undoubtedly

vine

weaving

wrap ,

yarn

 

UNIT 2

adjust

available

avoid

benefit

blouse

call for

casual

chew

customize

dangerous

deflect

fastener

fit

glasses

gloves

gripper

identify

influence

jewelry

knee

lined

lined jacket

loose-fitting

millennium

mittens

numbered size

option ,

outer garment

outfit ,

pants

pride

reinforce ,

scarf

servant

skirt

slightly

sophisticated ,

stockings

sturdy

suffer from

suit

tight

toddler ,

torso ,

trim

tug

wardrobe

 

UNIT 3

absorption

appearance

bias grain 45

bleach

blend

breathable

cozy ,

crease

crosswise grain

curl

damp

dirt

drapable

dye

fair weight

fine

firm ,

flak vest

flame

flexible

fuzzy ,

give

grainline

hosiery -

iron

launder

lengthwise grain-

linen

loop

man-made

moisture

overwhelming

plant

property

rayon ,

reduce

repel

resilient ,

resist

scratchy ,

scratchy

selvage

sheen ,

shimmer

smooth

solid colour ()

spongy

springiness ,

springy ,

stiff ,

stretch

tearing

tearing

thick

treat

vital

warmth

weight

wood pulp ,

worsted wool

wrinkle

wrinkle

UNIT 4

 

accommodate ,

accommodate

accomplishment

adjust

adjustable ,

afford

appropriate

bobbin

bobbin case

confusion

contribution

cord ,

curtains

damage

debt

designate

devise ,

embroidery foot

evenly ,

frustration

general purpose foot

general-purpose foot

genuine

grooved bottom

hemmimg

hook

immediate

improperly ,

innovation

insert

insert

inventor

involve

join 璺,

knitted

knowledge

laborious ,

layer

legal

loosen

luxury

murky ,

myriad

needle clamp

occur

pattern

pierce

pile ,

pull ,

quilted project

ragged stitches

repair

reverse-cycle stitch

sharp

side-to-side stitch

skip

slip

spring

stationary ,

sturdy

sturdy

tailor

tight

time-consuming

to evolve

to fear

wound bobbin

wrap ,

zipper foot

 

UNIT 5

 

a seam ripper

adhere to

alter

average

beeswax

bent-handled shears

blade

braid

breathe

buckle

buckle

clipping

cording

determine

dimension

dispenser

dots

envelope

erasable ,

erase

evenness

eye

fastener

firmly ,

fusible

handle

handy ,

height

hone

hook

hot-forged steel

lay out

measurements

measuring

patche

pinking shears

ravelling

remove ,

ripping

rotary cutter

scissors

seam allowance

sewing supplies

shears

snap

squares

straight

stretchable braid ,

suitable

sway back

tangling

transparent

triangles

trimming

waistband stiffener

width

UNIT 6

 

anchor

applique

appropriate

attachment

baste

basting stitch

batting

bedspread

bias seam

coarse fabric

collar

cuffs

curl

double-stitched seam

evolve

gusset ,

hand-stitched blind hem

inch

invisible

loosely woven fabric

mending

moderate

neckline

outfit ,

outline ,

overcast

overlap ,

patchwork

permanent

plaid

quilting

ravel

reinforcement

rely on

Seminole Indians ( )

shape

sharp-pointed scissors

sheer

slanting

slip-basting

straight-needle machine

strain

tuck

tucking

underarm seam

underside

vary

 

UNIT 7

 

apply ,

armhole

attach ,

back

bent ,

bias tape (fabric)

bound ,

braided

bulky

bust ,

button n, ,

v,

buttonhole

casing

applied c ~

self c ~

collar

lapel c~

ruffled bertha c~

crisp ,

cuff

curve ,

dart

top-stitched d ~ ,

disappearing ink

edge

elastic

elbow

erase ,

extension

fabric

lining f ~

open network f~

facing ,

fasten ,

firm adj, ,

v, ,

fold (back) (),

fraction

front

fuse ,

grip

heading

heat-fused

insert

interfacing

keyhole

layer

lend

lining

loose ,

master

narrow adj,

v,

perform ,

pin

protrusion

reinforcement

removable ,

rolled

rough

ruffle

scrap ,

selvedge - ,

shank

slippery

snug fit ,

squeezed ,

stick up

sticky stuff

thread tack

trim

trimming

twill -

waistline 볿

width

UNIT 8

align

array

asset

attire ,

avoid

beading

bent

blend ,

boat neck

bodice ,

border-print fabric

casual wear

closure

complement ,

confident

consume

corduroy

covering

craft project

crucial ,

damage

dolman sleeve

drop-shoulder styling

duck type

embroidery

enhance ,

excess n,

v,

fanny

fine

fix , ()

flared

knit n,

adj,

liability

limb

measure

neck ribbing

obvious ,

overlap ()

palette ,

pair with something ,

patch pocket

pleated ,

precisely

prevent

pull-on skirt

seam

allowance s ~

secure ,

seersucker

shawl collar -

shoulder pad

skipped stitch

slack ,

solid

suit-weight silk

supple ,

tight ,

torso ,

turtleneck

versatile

wedge n,

adj,

wrap skirt

yoke

UNIT 9

ability

adornment

ankle

apparel

availability

batiking ( )

beautify ,

bullet-proof vest

construction

define ,

derive ,

desert

dipped

dye

evil

foul-weather clothes

frequently

guard ,

harm

hazard ,

heal over

heat

identity , ,

injury

insect

involve ,

jewelry

locally

loose robe

modesty ,

moisture

necklace

particular

penetrate

property

protection

purpose

raw materials

reason

remove ,

renewed

sarong

shameful

silk-screening ,

similar ,

soak ,

sore ,

~feet

space suit

stenciling

substance

suit ,

thorn

tie n,

v,

tie-dyeing ,

tighten ,

utility

ward off

wax

UNIT 10

accentuate ,

accommodate ,

alter

ankle

armhole

beneath ,

billowing

boil down to

brand ,

breeches

broaden

calico

casual

centre-stage ,

concave

consign ,

convex

cropped trousers

cute impression ,

dimension ,

emerge

emphasis

essential

expose ,

eye-catching ,

feminine

flare out

flounce ,

focal ,

frill

gather n, ,

v,

heavily frilled underskirt

hip-hugger ,

hug

in a bustle style

knee

lace ,

lower body clothing item

luxurious

missing ,

mix n,

v,

navel

neat

patch pockets

petite ,

poplin

possess

puffy ,

require

resemble

reveal ,

revers ,

scrunched

self-conscious

set apart

shorten

sleeve

detachable s ~ ,

raglan s ~

set-in-s ~

sophisticated ,

steer clear ,

stumpy ,

subtle ,

tapered

thigh

tier

tough ,

unique ,

vary ,

visible

UNIT 11

accessory

add

air of authority ,

appropriate

average

bell-bottom pants

briefcase

calm ,

celebrity

chemise dress

clothing package

compliment , ,

contribute ,

create illusion ,

curved

destroy

determine

dignity

earring

emphasis

enhance ,

equally

evaluate

even

favour

flap (), ()

flared pants

flattering

flow ,

focal ,

full sleeve

gown

influence

inner

jangled

jerky

major ,

match ,

measurement ,

non-working button

occur ,

outfit ,

overall ,

particular

plaid ,

pleasing

properly ,

pure

purse

refer ,

regardless of

relate ,

reveal ,

sharply , ,

slim ,

smooth

squeeze

stripe

top-stitching

tubular

tucked in

unevenly

whimsical ,

 

UNIT 12

a favourite ()

affect ,

an undertone

appealing ,

appropriate ,

avoid

benevolent

cautious ,

chart

colouring

confidence

to lack confidence

cool

cope with -

down-to-earth ,

drab

dressy ,

dull ,

ease

to be at ease ,

enhance ;

ensure ,

excitable ,

fashionable

feature ()

fee

go (with) ,

hike

honest

in the last resort

incline

be inclined

inflexible

intelligent

intensity

intensities ()

keep (from)

look

means

by means of smth.

opinionated

overlook v. ;

parka ( )

perceptive

purchase ,

recombining

redhead

relax ,

rent v.

save

self-reliant

self-sufficient

sensitive

shade

simpleminded ,

soft

spend

steer

to steer clear of

support ,

supported ()

swap n. ;

talkative

tint

to reveal

touch ,

undertone

urge

value , ; values , ,

vital ,

vivid green

warn

watch out

will ,

strong-willed

wise

wrapping

UNIT 13

abreast

adaptability ,

advertise

apparel

approval ,

bent

blend , ( )

board

drawing board

bounce (around)

call for

carry out

collar

collar tab

colour story

come up

compete

co-worker

deliver ,

direction

sewing directions

division

division manager

draw ,

employ

engineering

engineering department

exciting

figure (out)

flexibility

for a wile

forecasting

fashion forecasting

framework (fig.)

go through

illustration

sewing illustration

intend ,

inventive

line ()

look over ,

maintain

mannequin

market

mass market ,

media

merchandising

merchandising department

merchandisers

negotiate ,

option

position

price

redesign

researcher

market researcher

retail

retail store

sample

set down

sketch

skills

store

department store

strive

strive for

time

develop a time

on time

trend ,

UNIT 14

acceptable

accessorize ,

acquire

approve

assembly line

attire

female attire

bolt

bring in ,

by no means

cardboard

challis , ,

closet

compartment

complement ,

computer-assisted drafting ,

craft

display ,

doe (, , )

drafting

fad , ,

flattering

fringe

to be fringe

gardening

heavy

hire

ink

knot

launch

to be ready to be launched

lay

lightweight

markers

match ,

nap

outline ,

pattern maker

pile ,

plat ,

polish off , , ,

pouch ,

preset

purchase

purse ,

representative

reticule

sample

schedule ,

to go a schedule

sealskin

shawl

spreader

stake

to be staked

stand out

staple

supplier

swatch ()

colour swatch

terrific

thoroughly ,

token

trace ,

trendy ,

tricky

tricky business ,

underarm (seam)

versatile

waste , ;

wrinkle

UNIT 15

adjust

ahead

apparel

an apparel industry ,

biodegradable

bleach

bleach symbols

bleaches

bleaching ,

sun bleaching

brightener

burning

call-for

chemist

clean

cleanser

denim

regular denim

detergent

dirty

dissolve ()

dryer

duplicate , ,

employees ,

fascinating ,

figure out

hanger

imitate

incorporate ᒺ

industrial

industrial engineer -

ironing

label ,

care label

laundering

load

mat

mend

mending tissue

messy ,

moisture

absorb moisture

newness

permit

perspirate

placket

pressing

related

resistant

rinse

skillfully

smooth out ,

soap

softener

soil-removing chemicals

spoil

spot

spot remover

starch

starches

steam

stiffen

stretch denim -,

take care ,

tan

tanning

terry

tight

prohibit

speed up ,

washer

UNIT 16

ad

alert

be alerted

applied ,

article

attract ()

attractiveness

availability

be aware

bedding

buyer

capacity

sales capacities

catch

catch ones eye

china

commitment

competitive

consumer

contribute

corporate

customer ,

destine

to be destine

distinct ,

distribute

editor

embrace

employ

encourage ,

enhance

experience

footwear

haberdashery

handle ,

implementation

internal

investment

joint venture

kit ,

knitwear

label ,

leather

level

manufacturer

mill ,

mutual

notable ,

offer

order

outerwear

porcelain

premises

preteen

preteen clothes

producer

promotion ,

prospective

publicity

purchase

release

press release

renewed

responsibility

retail ,

retailer

run ,

run trade

running meters

shipping ,

short feature ()

socks

state

state-of-the-art

stockings

store

textiles

tissue

updating

upgrade

wholesale ,

wool blend

worsted wool ,

 

 

4

A

Abrasion Resistance - The degree by which a fabric is able to withstand loss of appearance through surface wear, rubbing, chafing, and other frictional actions.

 

Absorbency - The ability of a fabric to take in moisture. Absorbency is a very important property, which affects many other characteristics such as skin comfort, static build-up, shrinkage, stain removal, water repellence, and wrinkle recovery.

 

acetate - A manufactured fibre formed by a compound of cellulose, refined from cotton linters and/or wood pulp, and acetic acid that has been extruded through a spinneret and then hardened

 

Acrylic - A manufactured fiber derived from polyacrylonitrile. Its major properties include a soft, wool-like hand, machine washable and dryable, excellent color retention. Solution-dyed versions have excellent resistance to sunlight and chlorine degradation.

 

Air Permeability - The porosity of a fabric as estimated by the ease with which air passes through it. Air permeability measures the warmth of blankets, the air resistance of parachute cloth, the wind resistance of sailcloth, etc. as measured on standard testing equipment.

 

Alpaca - A natural hair fiber obtained from the Alpaca sheep, a domesticated member of the llama family. The fiber is most commonly used in fabrics for dresses, suits, coats, and sweaters.

 

angora - The hair of the Angora goat, also known as Angora mohair. Angora may also apply to the fur of the Angora rabbit.

 

Anti-Bacterial (Anti-Microbial) - A fabric that has been chemically treated or a fiber that is created by incorporating the anti-bacterial chemical agent into the fiber formula, making the finished fiber or fabric resistant to, or inhibiting the growth of micro-organisms.

 

Anti-Static - Can be either a fiber or fabric that does not allow the build-up of static electricity to occur when the fiber or fabric experiences friction or rubbing.

 

appliqué - A cutout decoration fastened to a larger piece of material.

B

Back Waist Length - The dimension on a body, taken from the top of the back bone at the base of the neck to the waistline.

 

Back Length - The dimension on a garment taken from the center collar attaching seam to the bottom of the garment, or in the case of a coverall, to the top of the waistband.

 

Bartack - To reinforce a seam with a bar of stitches that provides a more durable seam end. (Commonly used at points of strain.)

 

Base Layer - The apparel in contact with your skin. The purpose of the base layer is to keep you warm/cool and dry.

 

Batiste - A medium-weight, plain weave fabric, usually made of cotton or cotton blends. End-uses include blouses and dresses.

 

Bast Fiber - Strong, soft, woody fibers, such as flax, jute, hemp, and ramie, which are obtained from the inner bark in the stems of certain plants.

 

Basket Weave - A variation of the plain weave construction, formed by treating two or more warp yarns and/or two or more filling yarns as one unit in the weaving process. Yarns in a basket weave are laid into the woven construction flat, and maintain a parallel relationship. Both balanced and unbalanced basket weave fabrics can be produced. Examples of basket weave construction includes monk cloth and oxford cloth.

 

Bedford Cord - A cord cotton-like fabric with raised ridges in the lengthwise direction. Since the fabric has a high strength and a high durability, it is often used for upholstery and work clothes.

 

Besom - An edging or reinforcement around a pocket opening.


bias - The direction diagonally across a piece of fabric at 45 degrees to the warp and fill.

 

beaded - This refers to any style of fabric that has beads embroidered into the design. Beading can be done at the time the lace is made or can be re-embroidered after the lace is made.

 

Beaver cloth is a heavy woollen overcoating, napped and pressed down to resemble beaver fur. This fabric is also a plush fabric that is used for hats.

bengaline - A fabric with a crosswise rib made from textile fibers (as rayon, nylon, cotton, or wool) often in combination.

 

Bleaching - A process of whitening fibers, yarns, or fabrics by removing the natural and artificial impurities to obtain clear whites for finished fabric, or in preparation for dyeing and finishing. The materials may be treated with chemicals or exposed to sun, air, and moisture.

 

Blend - A term applied to a yarn or a fabric that is made up of more than one fiber. In blended yarns, two or more different types of staple fibers are twisted or spun together to form the yarn. Examples of a typical blended yarn or fabric is polyester/cotton.

 

Bonding - A process for adhesive laminating of two or more fabrics or fabric and a layer of plastic by means of a bonding agent (adhesives, plastics or cohesion).

 

Bonding - The technique of permanently joining together two fabrics or layers of fabrics together by a bonding agent into one package. The bonding of fibers in a single layer of material is called a web. Special adhesives, binders, or thin slices of foam may be used as the marrying agent.

 

Botany/Merino wool is fine wool made from worsted wool yarn.

 

boucle - A knit or woven fabric made from a rough, curly, knotted boucle yarn.

The fabric has a looped, knotted surface and is often used in sportswear and coats.

 

Break - Point on the front edge of the garment at which the roll of the lapel begins. Usually at the same point as the lower end of the bridle.

 

Breathability - The movement of water or water vapor from one side of the fabric to the other, caused by capillary action, wicking, chemical, or electrostatic action. Also known as moisture transport.

 

Broadcloth is an all woollen or worsted fabric with a velvety feel.

 

brocade - A heavy, exquisite, jacquard-type fabric with an all-over raised pattern or floral design.

 

Brocade is a jacquard weave with an embossed effect and contrasting surfaces. It can also be woven with synthetic or man-made fibres.

Brushing - A finishing process for knit or woven fabrics in which brushes or other abrading devices are used on a loosely constructed fabric to permit the fibers in the yarns to be raised to create a nap on fabrics or create a novelty surface texture

Butchers Linen was originally a heavy, sturdy linen fabric used for French butchers aprons. This type of heavy fabric was also used for interfacing.

 

Buttonhole (eyelet) - Formed by a contoured patch of zig-zag stitching, followed by a cut---a portion of which is circular. Eyelet buttonholes are usually used on heavy fabrics and/or with large buttons. A gimp or cord is usually contained within the stitches to provide a reinforcement along the edge of the hole.

Buttonhole (straight) - Formed by two pairs of straight, parallel rows of zigzag stitching, followed by a single, straight knife cut. Each end of the row of stitching is secured by a bartack.

 

Buttons - Specified by design, size, color, and type---such as brass, melamine, or pearl, buttons are either shanked (attached by passing threads through the shank's eye) or holed (attached by passing threads through the button's holes).

 

C

Calendering - A process for finishing fabrics in which such special effects as high luster, glazing, embossing, and moiré are produced.

 

Calico - A tightly-woven cotton type fabric with an all-over print, usually a small floral pattern on a contrasting background color. Common end-uses include dresses, aprons, and quilts.

 

Camel's Hair - A natural fiber obtained from the hair of the Bactrian camel, a two-humped pack-carrying species. The fiber is used primarily in coats, sweaters, and suits.

 

cambric - A fine thin white linen fabric.

 

Canton Crepe is a soft crepe woven fabric with small crosswise ribs and similar to crepe de chine but heavier.

 

canvas - A strong, durable, closely woven cotton fabric.Cotton, linen, or synthetic fabric made with a basic plain weave in heavy and firm weight yarns for industrial or heavy duty purposes. Also referred to as "duck", although the term "canvas" usually relates to the heavier, coarser constructions.

 

cashmere - A luxury fiber obtained from the soft, fleecy undergrowth of the Kashmir goat of Tibet, Mongolia, China, Iran, Iraq, and India. Most commonly used in sweaters, shawls, suits, coats, and dresses.

 

Cellulose - A material derived from the cell walls of certain plants. Cellulose is used in the production of many vegetable fibers, as well as being the major raw material component used in the production of the manufactured fibers of acetate, rayon, and triacetate.

 

Challis is light weight soft wool in plain weave, has a printed or woven design or flowers.

 

chambray - A plain woven fabric that can be made from cotton, silk, or manufactured fibers, but is most commonly cotton. It incorporates a colored warp (often blue) and white filling yarns.

 

Chantilly lace - This lace has a net background, and the pattern is created by embroidering with thread and ribbon to create floral designs. The pattern has areas of design that are very dense, and the pattern is often outlined with heavier cords or threads.

 

charmeuse - Trade name of silk and silk-like fabrics that are characterized by a shiny, soft, satin-like appearance

 

Charmeuse is a satin weave silk with a crepe back sometimes called crepe backed satin.

chenille - Soft, fuzzy yarns stand out around a velvety cord on this fabric, whose name comes from the French word for "caterpillar."

 

Cheviot, usually Scotch wool is soft, fine wool that is heavier than serge.

 

chiffon - A plain, woven, lightweight, extremely sheer, airy, and soft silk fabric, containing highly twisted filament yarns. The fabric, used mainly in evening

dresses and scarves, can also be made from rayon and other manufactured fibers.

Chiffon is transparent soft and light silk. It can also be woven of cotton or man-made fibres.

 

China silk is a plain weave silk of various weights. This silk is the "hand" or touch that many people identify as silk. There are various weights of China silk from light, used for linings and many "washable silks" with the wrinkled look, to heavy for shirts and dresses.

Chinchilla cloth is a heavy, spongy woollen overcoat fabric with a long nap that has been rubbed into a curly, nubby finish.

 

Chino - Classic all-cotton "Army twill" fabric made of combed two-ply yarns. Usually vat dyed, mercerized, and given a compressive shrinkage finish. Used traditionally for army uniforms, chino is now finding popularity sportswear and work clothes.

Chintz - Glazed plain weave cotton fabric with a tightly spun fine warp and a coarser slack twist filling, often printed with brightly colored flowers or stripes. Named from Hindu word meaning spotted. Several types of glazes are used in the finishing process. Some glazes wash out in laundering, but others such as resin finishes are permanent. Unglazed chintz is called cretonne. Chintz end-uses include draperies, slipcovers, skirts, and summer dresses, and shirts.

 

Chintz - A plain-weave fabric, which has been glazed to produce a polished look. Usually made of cotton, this fabric is most commonly used in blouses, dresses, draperies, and slipcovers.

chintz - A usually glazed printed cotton fabric.

 

Circular Knit - Weft knit fabric made on a circular needle-bed knitting machine, which produces fabric in tubular form. Common types include single or double knits. Seamless hosiery are also made on a circular knitting machine. Although allowances are made on the machine for knitting the welt and foot.

 

Cleaning - Hand operation in which the basting threads are removed from the garment; usually done prior to the final pressing.

 

Closures - Items used to close openings in apparel and other consumer textile products, i.e. buttons, buckles, hook and eye, snaps and zippers.

 

Coated Fabrics - Fabrics that have been coated with a lacquer, varnish, rubber, plastic resin of polyvinyl chloride or polyethylene, or other substance to make them longer lasting or impervious to water or other liquids

 

Collar (Banded) - The visible or panel portion of the collar is cut separately and attached to the neckband portion. This is normal dress shirt construction.

Collar (Lined) - A collar made by placing a piece of interlining between the two pieces of body fabric.

Collar (one piece) - A collar constructed from a single piece of fabric with the center fold forming the outer edge.

Collar (padding) - Attaching the under-collar to canvas with several rows of blindstitching.

Collar (sandwich) - A collar which has the top-collar inserted between the canvas and the under-collar.

Collar (topstitched) - A collar with an added row of stitching along the folded edges.

Collar (two-piece) - A collar formed by joining two identical pieces, inverting and sometimes topstitching along the folded edges.

 

Colour Abrasion - Colour changes in localized areas of a garment due to differential wear, such as the knees of blue jeans. Often evident in cross-dye shades of blends where durable press treatments are applied. Colour abrasion is often called "frosting".

 

Colourfastness - A term used to describe a dyed fabric's ability to resist fading due to washing, exposure to sunlight, and other environmental conditions.

 

Combing - The combing process is an additional step beyond carding. In this process the fibers are arranged in a highly parallel form, and additional short fibers are removed, producing high quality yarns with excellent strength, fineness, and uniformity.

 

Comfort Stretch - The term given to the freedom of movement experienced in the wearing of a garment that contains spandex, or has stretch engineered into a yarn through mechanical stretch construction.

Composite Fabric - An engineered fabric made from two or more components. One component is often a strong fiber such as fiberglass, Kevlar, or carbon fiber that gives the material its tensile strength, while another component (often called a matrix) is often a resin, such as polyester or epoxy that binds the fibers together.

 

Compression Fabric - A high tenacity stretch fabric which, when in a close fitting garment, provides muscles with a firm compression fit that lessons vibrations, reduces fatigue, and keeps muscles energized. The fabric is usually made in a knit construction, using a series of gradient fibers with an open knit inner surface to create a moisture transfer environment.

 

Compression Stretch - The name given to the expansive stretch that is created by the spandex fibers used in the development of a compression fabric.

 

Continuous Cure - A method of curing durable press garments which uses a moving conveyor system to carry garments into and out of the curing oven. Also known as continuous oven.

 

Continuous Filament - A long continuous, unbroken strand of fiber extruded from a spinneret in the form of a monofilament. Most manufactured fibers such as nylon, polyester, rayon, and acetate are made in continuous filament form.

 

Corduroy - A fabric, usually made of cotton, utilizing a cut-pile weave construction. Extra sets of filling yarns are woven into the fabric to form ridges of yarn on the surface. The ridges are built so that clear lines can be seen when the pile is cut

 

Core Yarn - A yarn in which one type of fiber is twisted or wrapped around another fiber that serves as a core. Core yarns are often used to make stretch fabrics where the core is spandex or rubber, and the outer wrapped fiber is a textured manufactured fiber such as polyester or nylon.

 

cotton - A unicellular, natural fiber that grows in the seed pod of the cotton plant. Fibers are typically 1/2 inch to 2 inches long. The longest staple fibers, longer than 1-1/2 inch, including the Pima and Egyptian varieties, produce the highest quality cotton fabrics.

 

count - The number of fibres per inch in the warp or fill.

 

Crease Resistant Finish - Also referred to as CRF. Finishes used on fabrics that make them resistant to wrinkling and creasing, such as synthetic resin type finishes like durable press. Today some fabrics are made highly resistant to wrinkling through fiber blending and construction.

 

Crepe-back Satin - A satin fabric in which highly twisted yarns are used in the filling direction. The floating yarns are made with low twist and may be of either high or low luster. If the crepe effect is the right side of the fabric, the fabric is called satin-back crepe.

 

Crease Retention - The ability of a cloth to hold or pleat or a crease, which has been intentionally created, through the use of a heat treatment. Heat setting of thermoplastic fibers causes creases to be permanently set.


creep - Permanent, continuous elongation of a fibre under a sustained load

crepe - Used to describe all kinds of fabrics--wool, cotton, silk, rayon, synthetics and blends-that have a crinkle, crimped or grained surface.

crepe back satin - A satin fabric in which highly-twisted yarns are used in the filling direction. The floating yarns are made with low twist and may be of either high or low luster. If the crepe effect is the right side of the fabric, the fabric is called satin-back crepe.

 

crimp - The "waviness" of the fibre or yarn when it is laid over and under fibers or yarns in a fabric. Crimp can contribute to the elongation of a fabric under load as it is "pulled out" of the loaded direction and "pushed into" the less heavily loaded direction.


crinkled - Forming many short bends or ripples.

 

Crinoline - A lightweight, plain weave, stiffened fabric with a low yarn count (few yarns to the inch in each direction).

 

crocheted - Loose, open knit made by looping thread with a hooked needle. Used for light, summer sweaters.

cross-cut - A sail panel layout in which the seams run roughly parallel to one another, typically perpendicular to the leech

 

Cuff (lined) - A cuff with interlining placed between the two pieces of body fabric.

Cuff (topstitched) - A cuff with an added row of stitching along the folded edges.

Cuff (two-piece) - A cuff in which two identical pieces of fabric, usually with a lining in between, are joined by a seam along the edge, then turned and sometimes topstitched near the folded edges.

Cuff (one-piece) - A two-ply cuff formed by folding over a single piece of fabric, usually with a lining in between

 

Cut-on-fold - Fabric that is doubled, then cut.

 

Cut-on-cross - Fabric that is cut so that the warp runs horizontally across the garment piece.

 

D

Damask, a jacquard weave, is a reversible rich weave, patterned in satin or plain weave

 

Dart (cut-in) - An open dart cut in approximately 12" under the armhole.

Dart (front or double) - An additional closed dart located toward the front edge of the garment, used to get maximum waist suppression.

Dart (panel) - A panel sewn full length to the front that is used for waist suppression.

 

denier - A measure of the weight of a continuous fibre filament. It is the weight in grams of 9,000 meters of a given fibre. The lower the number, the finer the fibre. Higher denier, heavier fibres are generally more rugged and durable.


denier per inch (DPI) - A measure of the fabric's relative weight and strength, expressed as the number of fibres per inch, generally in the primary yarn direction.

 

denim - True denim is a twill-weave, cotton-like fabric made with different colored yarns in the warp and the weft. Due to the twill construction, one color predominates on the fabric surface.

 

Donegal was originally a thick and warm homespun or tweed woven by Irish peasants in Donegal, Ireland. Donegal now describes the wool twee





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