Step1
It is very important to know, how to take care of clothes, which you wear every day. Everyone has to know that clothes need good care, good drying and good washing. Every item of clothes has its own methods of keeping it in good condition. When you buy clothes in fashionable shops, look on the label about how to wash it, how to dry it, what temperature it needs. So, you have to learn wash and bleach symbols, water temperature.
Step2
This information will help you look after your garments in a right way. Except wash and bleach symbols, the label of every cloth item should locate information on dry and iron symbols. These symbols are in the form of little iron, clothes washer. If the laundry washer is crossed, it means that it is prohibited to wash your cloth item in the laundry washer. So, you have to wash it by hands and dry on the fresh air. But if clothes washer is not crossed, you can wash it in the machine.
Sometimes it is not allowed to dry clothes in the washing and drying machine. Then you have to dry them on the balcony, on the fresh air. Wash and bleach symbols show you whether it is necessary to bleach your clothes and to wash in the clothes washer. If you wash your clothes, just look at their labels, where the water temperature is shown. Most of the clothes are washed by the normal temperature of 30-40 degrees; it is called normal wash and dry temperature. But some clothes need special care and cold or very hot temperature.
Step3
If you want your white clothes to be always white, use bleach. If it is allowed to bleach your cloth material, you will read it at wash and bleach symbols. But if you have colourful clothes, don't use bleach for them, because you will spoil their structure. When you look through wash and bleach symbols, concentrate your attention on what kind of bleach is more effective for your white garments. It can be chlorine bleach and non chlorine bleach. The more concentrated chemical elements the bleach has, the more strong and effective it is.
If textile factories produce good high-quality drapery, many world famous designers and fashion companies buy it and make stylish fashionable clothes with labels including wash and bleach symbols, and dry and iron symbols.
Learn how to take care of your clothes, and you will look fascinating every day in every item of cloth.
"Put money in thy purse"-SHAKESPEARE
INSIGNIFICANT things are not always as unimportant as we may think. We are told, in the old story, that once upon a time a kingdom was lost for the want of a horseshoe nail. It is so in matters of the toilette, where the slight, but none the less important, detail is most frequently overlooked.
It is very simple, of course, to have one's tailor or cleaning establishment so skilfully press, steam, or dry clean our coats, suits, and gowns to transform them to almost original newness, but equally important are routine details in their daily care. For this reason one should always have certain aids and conveniences at hand. Clothes-hangers, shoe-trees, whisk-broom, a bottle of ammonia for sponging, a spot remover, mending tissue, paper or cloth bags for covering clothes when hanging, together with the inevitable little work-basket containing snaps, hooks and eyes, and an assortment of coloured threads for mending, are all important factors of beauty in dress.
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Frocks should never be hung up in a closed wardrobe or clothes-press immediately after being removed, but should be placed on hangers where they may be thoroughly aired. One can not be too careful in avoiding any odour of perspiration. Evening gowns of frail materials, such as tulle, chiffon, crepe, or lace, should also be aired and then neatly folded in layers of tissue-paper and laid in long roomy boxes or bureau drawers. The shoulders, and sleeves if there be any, should be filled out into shape with crushed tissue-paper.
A good street suit should be used for outside wear only and never as part of a house dress. Never wear the suit skirt as a separate skirt if you wish to get your money's worth from the suit. With a tailored suit, some women get two skirts and wear them alternately, since most coats will outwear two skirts.
3
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UNIT 1
accidentally
ancient
awl
bark
bear
blanket
button
camel
chiton
composite ,
dhotis
discover ,
draped ,
edge
expensive
extremely
fabric
fiber
flax
fringed
fur
grass
hide ( )
himations
hip
interlacing
invent
knotted ,
leather
medieval
needle
notch ,
own
pin
plant
plate
ravelling ,
reed
robe
rope
saris
sasher ,
scarce
schenti
sewing
sinew
skin ( )
slender
spinning
spinning wheel
spread
stem
stolas
strand
string
tailored ,
tendon
thimble
tie ,
toggle ()
tough
twist ,
undoubtedly
vine
weaving
wrap ,
yarn
UNIT 2
adjust
available
avoid
benefit
blouse
call for
casual
chew
customize
dangerous
deflect
fastener
fit
glasses
gloves
gripper
identify
influence
jewelry
knee
lined
lined jacket
loose-fitting
millennium
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mittens
numbered size
option ,
outer garment
outfit ,
pants
pride
reinforce ,
scarf
servant
skirt
slightly
sophisticated ,
stockings
sturdy
suffer from
suit
tight
toddler ,
torso ,
trim
tug
wardrobe
UNIT 3
absorption
appearance
bias grain 45
bleach
blend
breathable
cozy ,
crease
crosswise grain
curl
damp
dirt
drapable
dye
fair weight
fine
firm ,
flak vest
flame
flexible
fuzzy ,
give
grainline
hosiery -
iron
launder
lengthwise grain-
linen
loop
man-made
moisture
overwhelming
plant
property
rayon ,
reduce
repel
resilient ,
resist
scratchy ,
scratchy
selvage
sheen ,
shimmer
smooth
solid colour ()
spongy
springiness ,
springy ,
stiff ,
stretch
tearing
tearing
thick
treat
vital
warmth
weight
wood pulp ,
worsted wool
wrinkle
wrinkle
UNIT 4
accommodate ,
accommodate
accomplishment
adjust
adjustable ,
afford
appropriate
bobbin
bobbin case
confusion
contribution
cord ,
curtains
damage
debt
designate
devise ,
embroidery foot
evenly ,
frustration
general purpose foot
general-purpose foot
genuine
grooved bottom
hemmimg
hook
immediate
improperly ,
innovation
insert
insert
inventor
involve
join 璺,
knitted
knowledge
laborious ,
layer
legal
loosen
luxury
murky ,
myriad
needle clamp
occur
pattern
pierce
pile ,
pull ,
quilted project
ragged stitches
repair
reverse-cycle stitch
sharp
side-to-side stitch
skip
slip
spring
stationary ,
sturdy
sturdy
tailor
tight
time-consuming
to evolve
to fear
wound bobbin
wrap ,
zipper foot
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UNIT 5
a seam ripper
adhere to
alter
average
beeswax
bent-handled shears
blade
braid
breathe
buckle
buckle
clipping
cording
determine
dimension
dispenser
dots
envelope
erasable ,
erase
evenness
eye
fastener
firmly ,
fusible
handle
handy ,
height
hone
hook
hot-forged steel
lay out
measurements
measuring
patche
pinking shears
ravelling
remove ,
ripping
rotary cutter
scissors
seam allowance
sewing supplies
shears
snap
squares
straight
stretchable braid ,
suitable
sway back
tangling
transparent
triangles
trimming
waistband stiffener
width
UNIT 6
anchor
applique
appropriate
attachment
baste
basting stitch
batting
bedspread
bias seam
coarse fabric
collar
cuffs
curl
double-stitched seam
evolve
gusset ,
hand-stitched blind hem
inch
invisible
loosely woven fabric
mending
moderate
neckline
outfit ,
outline ,
overcast
overlap ,
patchwork
permanent
plaid
quilting
ravel
reinforcement
rely on
Seminole Indians ( )
shape
sharp-pointed scissors
sheer
slanting
slip-basting
straight-needle machine
strain
tuck
tucking
underarm seam
underside
vary
UNIT 7
apply ,
armhole
attach ,
back
bent ,
bias tape (fabric)
bound ,
braided
bulky
bust ,
button n, ,
v,
buttonhole
casing
applied c ~
self c ~
collar
lapel c~
ruffled bertha c~
crisp ,
cuff
curve ,
dart
top-stitched d ~ ,
disappearing ink
edge
elastic
elbow
erase ,
extension
fabric
lining f ~
open network f~
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facing ,
fasten ,
firm adj, ,
v, ,
fold (back) (),
fraction
front
fuse ,
grip
heading
heat-fused
insert
interfacing
keyhole
layer
lend
lining
loose ,
master
narrow adj,
v,
perform ,
pin
protrusion
reinforcement
removable ,
rolled
rough
ruffle
scrap ,
selvedge - ,
shank
slippery
snug fit ,
squeezed ,
stick up
sticky stuff
thread tack
trim
trimming
twill -
waistline 볿
width
UNIT 8
align
array
asset
attire ,
avoid
beading
bent
blend ,
boat neck
bodice ,
border-print fabric
casual wear
closure
complement ,
confident
consume
corduroy
covering
craft project
crucial ,
damage
dolman sleeve
drop-shoulder styling
duck type
embroidery
enhance ,
excess n,
v,
fanny
fine
fix , ()
flared
knit n,
adj,
liability
limb
measure
neck ribbing
obvious ,
overlap ()
palette ,
pair with something ,
patch pocket
pleated ,
precisely
prevent
pull-on skirt
seam
allowance s ~
secure ,
seersucker
shawl collar -
shoulder pad
skipped stitch
slack ,
solid
suit-weight silk
supple ,
tight ,
torso ,
turtleneck
versatile
wedge n,
adj,
wrap skirt
yoke
UNIT 9
ability
adornment
ankle
apparel
availability
batiking ( )
beautify ,
bullet-proof vest
construction
define ,
derive ,
desert
dipped
dye
evil
foul-weather clothes
frequently
guard ,
harm
hazard ,
heal over
heat
identity , ,
injury
insect
involve ,
jewelry
locally
loose robe
modesty ,
moisture
necklace
particular
penetrate
property
protection
purpose
raw materials
reason
remove ,
renewed
sarong
shameful
silk-screening ,
similar ,
soak ,
sore ,
~feet
space suit
stenciling
substance
suit ,
thorn
tie n,
v,
tie-dyeing ,
tighten ,
utility
ward off
wax
UNIT 10
accentuate ,
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accommodate ,
alter
ankle
armhole
beneath ,
billowing
boil down to
brand ,
breeches
broaden
calico
casual
centre-stage ,
concave
consign ,
convex
cropped trousers
cute impression ,
dimension ,
emerge
emphasis
essential
expose ,
eye-catching ,
feminine
flare out
flounce ,
focal ,
frill
gather n, ,
v,
heavily frilled underskirt
hip-hugger ,
hug
in a bustle style
knee
lace ,
lower body clothing item
luxurious
missing ,
mix n,
v,
navel
neat
patch pockets
petite ,
poplin
possess
puffy ,
require
resemble
reveal ,
revers ,
scrunched
self-conscious
set apart
shorten
sleeve
detachable s ~ ,
raglan s ~
set-in-s ~
sophisticated ,
steer clear ,
stumpy ,
subtle ,
tapered
thigh
tier
tough ,
unique ,
vary ,
visible
UNIT 11
accessory
add
air of authority ,
appropriate
average
bell-bottom pants
briefcase
calm ,
celebrity
chemise dress
clothing package
compliment , ,
contribute ,
create illusion ,
curved
destroy
determine
dignity
earring
emphasis
enhance ,
equally
evaluate
even
favour
flap (), ()
flared pants
flattering
flow ,
focal ,
full sleeve
gown
influence
inner
jangled
jerky
major ,
match ,
measurement ,
non-working button
occur ,
outfit ,
overall ,
particular
plaid ,
pleasing
properly ,
pure
purse
refer ,
regardless of
relate ,
reveal ,
sharply , ,
slim ,
smooth
squeeze
stripe
top-stitching
tubular
tucked in
unevenly
whimsical ,
UNIT 12
a favourite ()
affect ,
an undertone
appealing ,
appropriate ,
avoid
benevolent
cautious ,
chart
colouring
confidence
to lack confidence
cool
cope with -
down-to-earth ,
drab
dressy ,
dull ,
ease
to be at ease ,
enhance ;
ensure ,
excitable ,
fashionable
feature ()
fee
go (with) ,
hike
honest
in the last resort
incline
be inclined
inflexible
intelligent
intensity
intensities ()
keep (from)
look
means
by means of smth.
opinionated
overlook v. ;
parka ( )
perceptive
purchase ,
recombining
redhead
relax ,
rent v.
save
self-reliant
self-sufficient
sensitive
shade
simpleminded ,
soft
spend
steer
to steer clear of
support ,
supported ()
swap n. ;
talkative
tint
to reveal
touch ,
undertone
urge
value , ; values , ,
vital ,
vivid green
warn
watch out
will ,
strong-willed
wise
wrapping
UNIT 13
abreast
adaptability ,
advertise
apparel
approval ,
bent
blend , ( )
board
drawing board
bounce (around)
call for
carry out
collar
collar tab
colour story
come up
compete
co-worker
deliver ,
direction
sewing directions
division
division manager
draw ,
employ
engineering
engineering department
exciting
figure (out)
flexibility
for a wile
forecasting
fashion forecasting
framework (fig.)
go through
illustration
sewing illustration
intend ,
inventive
line ()
look over ,
maintain
mannequin
market
mass market ,
media
merchandising
merchandising department
merchandisers
negotiate ,
option
position
price
redesign
researcher
market researcher
retail
retail store
sample
set down
sketch
skills
store
department store
strive
strive for
time
develop a time
on time
trend ,
UNIT 14
acceptable
accessorize ,
acquire
approve
assembly line
attire
female attire
bolt
bring in ,
by no means
cardboard
challis , ,
closet
compartment
complement ,
computer-assisted drafting ,
craft
display ,
doe (, , )
drafting
fad , ,
flattering
fringe
to be fringe
gardening
heavy
hire
ink
knot
launch
to be ready to be launched
lay
lightweight
markers
match ,
nap
outline ,
pattern maker
pile ,
plat ,
polish off , , ,
pouch ,
preset
purchase
purse ,
representative
reticule
sample
schedule ,
to go a schedule
sealskin
shawl
spreader
stake
to be staked
stand out
staple
supplier
swatch ()
colour swatch
terrific
thoroughly ,
token
trace ,
trendy ,
tricky
tricky business ,
underarm (seam)
versatile
waste , ;
wrinkle
UNIT 15
adjust
ahead
apparel
an apparel industry ,
biodegradable
bleach
bleach symbols
bleaches
bleaching ,
sun bleaching
brightener
burning
call-for
chemist
clean
cleanser
denim
regular denim
detergent
dirty
dissolve ()
dryer
duplicate , ,
employees ,
fascinating ,
figure out
hanger
imitate
incorporate ᒺ
industrial
industrial engineer -
ironing
label ,
care label
laundering
load
mat
mend
mending tissue
messy ,
moisture
absorb moisture
newness
permit
perspirate
placket
pressing
related
resistant
rinse
skillfully
smooth out ,
soap
softener
soil-removing chemicals
spoil
spot
spot remover
starch
starches
steam
stiffen
stretch denim -,
take care ,
tan
tanning
terry
tight
prohibit
speed up ,
washer
UNIT 16
ad
alert
be alerted
applied ,
article
attract ()
attractiveness
availability
be aware
bedding
buyer
capacity
sales capacities
catch
catch ones eye
china
commitment
competitive
consumer
contribute
corporate
customer ,
destine
to be destine
distinct ,
distribute
editor
embrace
employ
encourage ,
enhance
experience
footwear
haberdashery
handle ,
implementation
internal
investment
joint venture
kit ,
knitwear
label ,
leather
level
manufacturer
mill ,
mutual
notable ,
offer
order
outerwear
porcelain
premises
preteen
preteen clothes
producer
promotion ,
prospective
publicity
purchase
release
press release
renewed
responsibility
retail ,
retailer
run ,
run trade
running meters
shipping ,
short feature ()
socks
state
state-of-the-art
stockings
store
textiles
tissue
updating
upgrade
wholesale ,
wool blend
worsted wool ,
4
A
Abrasion Resistance - The degree by which a fabric is able to withstand loss of appearance through surface wear, rubbing, chafing, and other frictional actions.
Absorbency - The ability of a fabric to take in moisture. Absorbency is a very important property, which affects many other characteristics such as skin comfort, static build-up, shrinkage, stain removal, water repellence, and wrinkle recovery.
acetate - A manufactured fibre formed by a compound of cellulose, refined from cotton linters and/or wood pulp, and acetic acid that has been extruded through a spinneret and then hardened
Acrylic - A manufactured fiber derived from polyacrylonitrile. Its major properties include a soft, wool-like hand, machine washable and dryable, excellent color retention. Solution-dyed versions have excellent resistance to sunlight and chlorine degradation.
Air Permeability - The porosity of a fabric as estimated by the ease with which air passes through it. Air permeability measures the warmth of blankets, the air resistance of parachute cloth, the wind resistance of sailcloth, etc. as measured on standard testing equipment.
Alpaca - A natural hair fiber obtained from the Alpaca sheep, a domesticated member of the llama family. The fiber is most commonly used in fabrics for dresses, suits, coats, and sweaters.
angora - The hair of the Angora goat, also known as Angora mohair. Angora may also apply to the fur of the Angora rabbit.
Anti-Bacterial (Anti-Microbial) - A fabric that has been chemically treated or a fiber that is created by incorporating the anti-bacterial chemical agent into the fiber formula, making the finished fiber or fabric resistant to, or inhibiting the growth of micro-organisms.
Anti-Static - Can be either a fiber or fabric that does not allow the build-up of static electricity to occur when the fiber or fabric experiences friction or rubbing.
appliqué - A cutout decoration fastened to a larger piece of material.
B
Back Waist Length - The dimension on a body, taken from the top of the back bone at the base of the neck to the waistline.
Back Length - The dimension on a garment taken from the center collar attaching seam to the bottom of the garment, or in the case of a coverall, to the top of the waistband.
Bartack - To reinforce a seam with a bar of stitches that provides a more durable seam end. (Commonly used at points of strain.)
Base Layer - The apparel in contact with your skin. The purpose of the base layer is to keep you warm/cool and dry.
Batiste - A medium-weight, plain weave fabric, usually made of cotton or cotton blends. End-uses include blouses and dresses.
Bast Fiber - Strong, soft, woody fibers, such as flax, jute, hemp, and ramie, which are obtained from the inner bark in the stems of certain plants.
Basket Weave - A variation of the plain weave construction, formed by treating two or more warp yarns and/or two or more filling yarns as one unit in the weaving process. Yarns in a basket weave are laid into the woven construction flat, and maintain a parallel relationship. Both balanced and unbalanced basket weave fabrics can be produced. Examples of basket weave construction includes monk cloth and oxford cloth.
Bedford Cord - A cord cotton-like fabric with raised ridges in the lengthwise direction. Since the fabric has a high strength and a high durability, it is often used for upholstery and work clothes.
Besom - An edging or reinforcement around a pocket opening.
bias - The direction diagonally across a piece of fabric at 45 degrees to the warp and fill.
beaded - This refers to any style of fabric that has beads embroidered into the design. Beading can be done at the time the lace is made or can be re-embroidered after the lace is made.
Beaver cloth is a heavy woollen overcoating, napped and pressed down to resemble beaver fur. This fabric is also a plush fabric that is used for hats.
bengaline - A fabric with a crosswise rib made from textile fibers (as rayon, nylon, cotton, or wool) often in combination.
Bleaching - A process of whitening fibers, yarns, or fabrics by removing the natural and artificial impurities to obtain clear whites for finished fabric, or in preparation for dyeing and finishing. The materials may be treated with chemicals or exposed to sun, air, and moisture.
Blend - A term applied to a yarn or a fabric that is made up of more than one fiber. In blended yarns, two or more different types of staple fibers are twisted or spun together to form the yarn. Examples of a typical blended yarn or fabric is polyester/cotton.
Bonding - A process for adhesive laminating of two or more fabrics or fabric and a layer of plastic by means of a bonding agent (adhesives, plastics or cohesion).
Bonding - The technique of permanently joining together two fabrics or layers of fabrics together by a bonding agent into one package. The bonding of fibers in a single layer of material is called a web. Special adhesives, binders, or thin slices of foam may be used as the marrying agent.
Botany/Merino wool is fine wool made from worsted wool yarn.
boucle - A knit or woven fabric made from a rough, curly, knotted boucle yarn.
The fabric has a looped, knotted surface and is often used in sportswear and coats.
Break - Point on the front edge of the garment at which the roll of the lapel begins. Usually at the same point as the lower end of the bridle.
Breathability - The movement of water or water vapor from one side of the fabric to the other, caused by capillary action, wicking, chemical, or electrostatic action. Also known as moisture transport.
Broadcloth is an all woollen or worsted fabric with a velvety feel.
brocade - A heavy, exquisite, jacquard-type fabric with an all-over raised pattern or floral design.
Brocade is a jacquard weave with an embossed effect and contrasting surfaces. It can also be woven with synthetic or man-made fibres.
Brushing - A finishing process for knit or woven fabrics in which brushes or other abrading devices are used on a loosely constructed fabric to permit the fibers in the yarns to be raised to create a nap on fabrics or create a novelty surface texture
Butchers Linen was originally a heavy, sturdy linen fabric used for French butchers aprons. This type of heavy fabric was also used for interfacing.
Buttonhole (eyelet) - Formed by a contoured patch of zig-zag stitching, followed by a cut---a portion of which is circular. Eyelet buttonholes are usually used on heavy fabrics and/or with large buttons. A gimp or cord is usually contained within the stitches to provide a reinforcement along the edge of the hole.
Buttonhole (straight) - Formed by two pairs of straight, parallel rows of zigzag stitching, followed by a single, straight knife cut. Each end of the row of stitching is secured by a bartack.
Buttons - Specified by design, size, color, and type---such as brass, melamine, or pearl, buttons are either shanked (attached by passing threads through the shank's eye) or holed (attached by passing threads through the button's holes).
C
Calendering - A process for finishing fabrics in which such special effects as high luster, glazing, embossing, and moiré are produced.
Calico - A tightly-woven cotton type fabric with an all-over print, usually a small floral pattern on a contrasting background color. Common end-uses include dresses, aprons, and quilts.
Camel's Hair - A natural fiber obtained from the hair of the Bactrian camel, a two-humped pack-carrying species. The fiber is used primarily in coats, sweaters, and suits.
cambric - A fine thin white linen fabric.
Canton Crepe is a soft crepe woven fabric with small crosswise ribs and similar to crepe de chine but heavier.
canvas - A strong, durable, closely woven cotton fabric.Cotton, linen, or synthetic fabric made with a basic plain weave in heavy and firm weight yarns for industrial or heavy duty purposes. Also referred to as "duck", although the term "canvas" usually relates to the heavier, coarser constructions.
cashmere - A luxury fiber obtained from the soft, fleecy undergrowth of the Kashmir goat of Tibet, Mongolia, China, Iran, Iraq, and India. Most commonly used in sweaters, shawls, suits, coats, and dresses.
Cellulose - A material derived from the cell walls of certain plants. Cellulose is used in the production of many vegetable fibers, as well as being the major raw material component used in the production of the manufactured fibers of acetate, rayon, and triacetate.
Challis is light weight soft wool in plain weave, has a printed or woven design or flowers.
chambray - A plain woven fabric that can be made from cotton, silk, or manufactured fibers, but is most commonly cotton. It incorporates a colored warp (often blue) and white filling yarns.
Chantilly lace - This lace has a net background, and the pattern is created by embroidering with thread and ribbon to create floral designs. The pattern has areas of design that are very dense, and the pattern is often outlined with heavier cords or threads.
charmeuse - Trade name of silk and silk-like fabrics that are characterized by a shiny, soft, satin-like appearance
Charmeuse is a satin weave silk with a crepe back sometimes called crepe backed satin.
chenille - Soft, fuzzy yarns stand out around a velvety cord on this fabric, whose name comes from the French word for "caterpillar."
Cheviot, usually Scotch wool is soft, fine wool that is heavier than serge.
chiffon - A plain, woven, lightweight, extremely sheer, airy, and soft silk fabric, containing highly twisted filament yarns. The fabric, used mainly in evening
dresses and scarves, can also be made from rayon and other manufactured fibers.
Chiffon is transparent soft and light silk. It can also be woven of cotton or man-made fibres.
China silk is a plain weave silk of various weights. This silk is the "hand" or touch that many people identify as silk. There are various weights of China silk from light, used for linings and many "washable silks" with the wrinkled look, to heavy for shirts and dresses.
Chinchilla cloth is a heavy, spongy woollen overcoat fabric with a long nap that has been rubbed into a curly, nubby finish.
Chino - Classic all-cotton "Army twill" fabric made of combed two-ply yarns. Usually vat dyed, mercerized, and given a compressive shrinkage finish. Used traditionally for army uniforms, chino is now finding popularity sportswear and work clothes.
Chintz - Glazed plain weave cotton fabric with a tightly spun fine warp and a coarser slack twist filling, often printed with brightly colored flowers or stripes. Named from Hindu word meaning spotted. Several types of glazes are used in the finishing process. Some glazes wash out in laundering, but others such as resin finishes are permanent. Unglazed chintz is called cretonne. Chintz end-uses include draperies, slipcovers, skirts, and summer dresses, and shirts.
Chintz - A plain-weave fabric, which has been glazed to produce a polished look. Usually made of cotton, this fabric is most commonly used in blouses, dresses, draperies, and slipcovers.
chintz - A usually glazed printed cotton fabric.
Circular Knit - Weft knit fabric made on a circular needle-bed knitting machine, which produces fabric in tubular form. Common types include single or double knits. Seamless hosiery are also made on a circular knitting machine. Although allowances are made on the machine for knitting the welt and foot.
Cleaning - Hand operation in which the basting threads are removed from the garment; usually done prior to the final pressing.
Closures - Items used to close openings in apparel and other consumer textile products, i.e. buttons, buckles, hook and eye, snaps and zippers.
Coated Fabrics - Fabrics that have been coated with a lacquer, varnish, rubber, plastic resin of polyvinyl chloride or polyethylene, or other substance to make them longer lasting or impervious to water or other liquids
Collar (Banded) - The visible or panel portion of the collar is cut separately and attached to the neckband portion. This is normal dress shirt construction.
Collar (Lined) - A collar made by placing a piece of interlining between the two pieces of body fabric.
Collar (one piece) - A collar constructed from a single piece of fabric with the center fold forming the outer edge.
Collar (padding) - Attaching the under-collar to canvas with several rows of blindstitching.
Collar (sandwich) - A collar which has the top-collar inserted between the canvas and the under-collar.
Collar (topstitched) - A collar with an added row of stitching along the folded edges.
Collar (two-piece) - A collar formed by joining two identical pieces, inverting and sometimes topstitching along the folded edges.
Colour Abrasion - Colour changes in localized areas of a garment due to differential wear, such as the knees of blue jeans. Often evident in cross-dye shades of blends where durable press treatments are applied. Colour abrasion is often called "frosting".
Colourfastness - A term used to describe a dyed fabric's ability to resist fading due to washing, exposure to sunlight, and other environmental conditions.
Combing - The combing process is an additional step beyond carding. In this process the fibers are arranged in a highly parallel form, and additional short fibers are removed, producing high quality yarns with excellent strength, fineness, and uniformity.
Comfort Stretch - The term given to the freedom of movement experienced in the wearing of a garment that contains spandex, or has stretch engineered into a yarn through mechanical stretch construction.
Composite Fabric - An engineered fabric made from two or more components. One component is often a strong fiber such as fiberglass, Kevlar, or carbon fiber that gives the material its tensile strength, while another component (often called a matrix) is often a resin, such as polyester or epoxy that binds the fibers together.
Compression Fabric - A high tenacity stretch fabric which, when in a close fitting garment, provides muscles with a firm compression fit that lessons vibrations, reduces fatigue, and keeps muscles energized. The fabric is usually made in a knit construction, using a series of gradient fibers with an open knit inner surface to create a moisture transfer environment.
Compression Stretch - The name given to the expansive stretch that is created by the spandex fibers used in the development of a compression fabric.
Continuous Cure - A method of curing durable press garments which uses a moving conveyor system to carry garments into and out of the curing oven. Also known as continuous oven.
Continuous Filament - A long continuous, unbroken strand of fiber extruded from a spinneret in the form of a monofilament. Most manufactured fibers such as nylon, polyester, rayon, and acetate are made in continuous filament form.
Corduroy - A fabric, usually made of cotton, utilizing a cut-pile weave construction. Extra sets of filling yarns are woven into the fabric to form ridges of yarn on the surface. The ridges are built so that clear lines can be seen when the pile is cut
Core Yarn - A yarn in which one type of fiber is twisted or wrapped around another fiber that serves as a core. Core yarns are often used to make stretch fabrics where the core is spandex or rubber, and the outer wrapped fiber is a textured manufactured fiber such as polyester or nylon.
cotton - A unicellular, natural fiber that grows in the seed pod of the cotton plant. Fibers are typically 1/2 inch to 2 inches long. The longest staple fibers, longer than 1-1/2 inch, including the Pima and Egyptian varieties, produce the highest quality cotton fabrics.
count - The number of fibres per inch in the warp or fill.
Crease Resistant Finish - Also referred to as CRF. Finishes used on fabrics that make them resistant to wrinkling and creasing, such as synthetic resin type finishes like durable press. Today some fabrics are made highly resistant to wrinkling through fiber blending and construction.
Crepe-back Satin - A satin fabric in which highly twisted yarns are used in the filling direction. The floating yarns are made with low twist and may be of either high or low luster. If the crepe effect is the right side of the fabric, the fabric is called satin-back crepe.
Crease Retention - The ability of a cloth to hold or pleat or a crease, which has been intentionally created, through the use of a heat treatment. Heat setting of thermoplastic fibers causes creases to be permanently set.
creep - Permanent, continuous elongation of a fibre under a sustained load
crepe - Used to describe all kinds of fabrics--wool, cotton, silk, rayon, synthetics and blends-that have a crinkle, crimped or grained surface.
crepe back satin - A satin fabric in which highly-twisted yarns are used in the filling direction. The floating yarns are made with low twist and may be of either high or low luster. If the crepe effect is the right side of the fabric, the fabric is called satin-back crepe.
crimp - The "waviness" of the fibre or yarn when it is laid over and under fibers or yarns in a fabric. Crimp can contribute to the elongation of a fabric under load as it is "pulled out" of the loaded direction and "pushed into" the less heavily loaded direction.
crinkled - Forming many short bends or ripples.
Crinoline - A lightweight, plain weave, stiffened fabric with a low yarn count (few yarns to the inch in each direction).
crocheted - Loose, open knit made by looping thread with a hooked needle. Used for light, summer sweaters.
cross-cut - A sail panel layout in which the seams run roughly parallel to one another, typically perpendicular to the leech
Cuff (lined) - A cuff with interlining placed between the two pieces of body fabric.
Cuff (topstitched) - A cuff with an added row of stitching along the folded edges.
Cuff (two-piece) - A cuff in which two identical pieces of fabric, usually with a lining in between, are joined by a seam along the edge, then turned and sometimes topstitched near the folded edges.
Cuff (one-piece) - A two-ply cuff formed by folding over a single piece of fabric, usually with a lining in between
Cut-on-fold - Fabric that is doubled, then cut.
Cut-on-cross - Fabric that is cut so that the warp runs horizontally across the garment piece.
D
Damask, a jacquard weave, is a reversible rich weave, patterned in satin or plain weave
Dart (cut-in) - An open dart cut in approximately 12" under the armhole.
Dart (front or double) - An additional closed dart located toward the front edge of the garment, used to get maximum waist suppression.
Dart (panel) - A panel sewn full length to the front that is used for waist suppression.
denier - A measure of the weight of a continuous fibre filament. It is the weight in grams of 9,000 meters of a given fibre. The lower the number, the finer the fibre. Higher denier, heavier fibres are generally more rugged and durable.
denier per inch (DPI) - A measure of the fabric's relative weight and strength, expressed as the number of fibres per inch, generally in the primary yarn direction.
denim - True denim is a twill-weave, cotton-like fabric made with different colored yarns in the warp and the weft. Due to the twill construction, one color predominates on the fabric surface.
Donegal was originally a thick and warm homespun or tweed woven by Irish peasants in Donegal, Ireland. Donegal now describes the wool twee