IV Translate the paragraphs in italics in a written form.
V Questions for discussion:
1. What is the most visible thing in clothes?
2. Can colours talk?
3. How are colours divided?
4. Why cant colours be worn together?
5. What is the colour key?
6. What is it based on?
7. What do all human colourings have in common?
8. What can colours create?
9. Can colours cheer up a person?
10. What do colours do with our feelings?
TEXT C
I Mind the following words and word-combinations:
1. to reveal about
2. vital ,
3. cautious ,
4. to be inclined
5. benevolent ,
6. self-reliant
7. self-sufficient
8. honest
9. down-to-earth ,
II Listen to the text Colours and Character and be ready to answer the questions:
1. What can colours describe?
2. What are the main colours worn by people?
III Listen to the text again. Decide if the statements are true or false.
1. Colours cant reveal about the person.
2. Red is the colour of trying to be the best.
3. If you wear black you can cope with all lifes troubles.
4. Green is for those who like to live quietly.
5. Brown is the colour of the Moon and the Earth.
UNIT 13
TEXT A
I Listen and remember the following words:
1. a sketch
2. inventive
3. to bounce around
4. approval ,
5. a mannequin
6. to figure out
7. a co-worker
8. to draw ,
II Read and remember the following phrases:
1. to redesign a garment
2. a merchandising department
3. a division manager
4. a drawing board
5. a collar tab
6. an engineering department
7. mass market ,
Apparel Design
Creating a design is the first step in making a garment. In apparel designing, someone comes up with an idea for a garment. This idea is presented to others-usually in the form of a sketch who then considers how good it is.
Designers and design stylists are very inventive people. They have to be flexible so they can see and use new ideas. Design stylists take designs and redesign them. For example, they may redesign a very high-fashion garment for the mass market of department stores.
Designers also have to understand design principles and how clothes are constructed. In this way, they know what will work and what will not.
The process of designing or redesigning a garment is much the same in most companies.
When designers or stylists get an idea, they let it bounce around for a while inside their heads until they feel ready to work with it. Design ideas are usually sketched. Designers may sketch several ideas for one garment before developing a design they like. They may come up with two or three good sketches for one garment and ask co-workers to help make a final decision. If the person works for a company, she or he usually presents the sketches to someone or some department for approval. Once the idea has been set down, the production of the garment often goes through man hands. For example, one designer or design stylist may meet with the merchandising department of the company. Another may meet with the division manager. Together, these people narrow the choice down to one design. Often their decision is based on what they think will be sold. Everyone may agree that one sketch is particularly elegant, but it may be too elegant for a mass market or too expensive to make.
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Once a design has been chosen, the designer goes back to the drawing board. The design must now be drawn in detail. Sewing directions must also be written out and sewing illustrations must be drawn. A sewing illustration is a very specific drawing showing how to make some special part of the garment. It might show how far apart to place the buttons or how to attach a collar tab or where double stitching is to be placed. The sample makers, another group of skilled workers in the garment industry, make up a sample of the design. The sample garment should be looked over very carefully. All the design proportions and details are checked. If some minor detail does not work, it must be changed. If something major does not work, this may call for a new sample garment. At this stage, the garment is put on a mannequin and checked carefully. The garment is also worn by a live model. The live model helps the designer see how the garment moves. This shows where the designer needs to fit it together or looser. After the sample garment is perfected and accepted, it goes to the merchandising and engineering departments. They decide how to make the garment, based on the kinds of styles they usually produce. Most important, they figure out how much the garment will cost to produce and decide on the most efficient, the least expensive way of making it. At this point, production on the garment begins.
III Answer the questions:
1. What is the first stage in dress-making?
2. How is the idea presented?
3. What people are engaged in sketch making?
4. What do they do?
5. What does redesigning mean?
6. How does the process of sketch making begin?
7. Who makes the final decision?
8. Where do designers draw a sketch?
9. How should it be drawn?
10. What is the function of a live model?
IV Complete the sentences with the words from the text:
1. The idea of the garment is usually presented in the..
2. The designers may.an old-fashioned garment.
3. The sketches are presented for final
4. is a very detailed drawing showing.
5. When the garment is made it should be checked on..
6. The live model helps..
V Find the English equivalents to the words:
, , , , , , , , ,
VI Make up sentences with the terms:
To come up with the idea, design principles, to sketch ideas, to set down the idea, to narrow the choice, to draw a pattern, to attach, to call for something else
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VII Give definitions to the words:
A sketch, a drawing board, to redesign, a merchandising department, a mannequin
VIII Translate the sentences into English:
1. .
2. .
3. , , .
4. - , .
5. .
6. , , .
7. , .
8. , , .
9. .
10. , , .
IX Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations:
Creating a design, in the form of a sketch, to take design, to redesign, to understand design principles, to bounce around the idea, to sketch several ideas, to make a final decision, to go back to the drawing board, to put on a mannequin, to be worn by a live model, to begin production
TEXT B
I Read and remember:
1. to employ
2. an exciting job
3. to carry out
4. to deliver
5. a retail store
6. a stormy practical bent
7. to position
8. to compete
II Read the text and define the main idea of it:
Apparel Production
Production is all the steps a garment goes through after it leaves the apparel designer or design stylist until it becomes a finished garment. Most manufacturing companies are divided into divisions or sections. Usually each division is responsible for a line of clothes. A line is a group of clothes that are similar to one another. For example a company may have a sportswear line or an evening wear line.
Each division is like a small company. It employs designers and design stylists. There are also merchandise managers, market managers, and product managers.
One of the most exiting jobs is that of a product manager. This person manages a type of garment within a line. The task of a product manager is to make sure that all production stages have been planned and carried out so that the products are ready at the right time to be delivered to retail stores.
Above all else, a product manager must have good sense and a stormy practical bent. Designers provide creative ideas to product managers, but product managers must make them work for the manufacturer.
Product managers need to watch trends as much as designers do. Some product managers also work as design stylists in some companies. In other companies, design stylists work for product managers. They must know the latest events in the fashion world, must read fashion magazines, attend shows, and see generally up to date on what will be sold.
The next step is to position the line. This means that a production manager should make decisions about how the producing garment fits in with the rest items of clothes industry. It is necessary to be sure that the companys garments will compete successfully with most other companies product in both style and price.
The colour story should be considered then. The colour story is even more important than ever today. This is because so many people buy separates and try to coordinate them with clothes theyve already worn or plan to buy.
Finally, a production manager has to develop a time. Garments have delivery dates. Often, the dates depend upon a season or sometimes on an event. All the stages of production should be planned so the garments are ready on time. The development and production of a product line take about one year.
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