, , , . , , .
- , , . . , .
, . -. - . . .
. = . .
. . .
. . . .
4. : , , , , .
.
: , , , .
. , .
.
- . : ,
, . , .
, , . : ->
5. : , , .
- , . .
. - ,
|
|
|
- , .. . , . . ()
, , () , . - . (JSON,XML)
6. : -.
, , .
:
, , ;
, , ;
, , . .
, , .
.
1. ;
2. ( ) ;
3. .
4. - .
7. : .
, . . .
, , . . . diamondproblem
. , .
.
. , , , .
.
/ : (, , . .) ,
8. : , , . .
, , , .
|
|
|
class A
{
public:
int a, b; //
intReturnSomething(); //
private:
intAa, Ab; //
voidDoSomething(); //
};
, . , , , . , .
class A{ //
};
class B: A{ //
};
.
abstract class Animal {
String talk();
}
class Cat extends Animal {
String talk() { return "Meow!"; }
}
class Dog extends Animal {
Stringtalk() { return "Woof!"; }
}
9. , . .
( ) (). , . , .
,
.
. . .
.
, //, , , . , ( ) .
, ( ), , , ( ).
. .
. .
10. .
: , ,
-
-
-
-
- - ,
- /
-
-
- . , .
- ,
11. .
- , . , , . .
() . , . , . . , C++ , operator==. . , . , , . , . C++ , new delete.
|
|
|
12. . , .
- Private. , private . private , .
- Public. , , public , .. . , public, .
- Protected. , , protected, ; . private, protected , , , , . .
13. , .
.
. , , . , , , .
:
class Animal { }
class Cat extends Animal { }
classDogextendsAnimal { }
. , - - , ..
class A {
public:
voiddoSmth() { }
};
class B {
public:
voiddoSmth() { }
};
class C: public A, public B { };
C::doSmth() , .. , : A B. : Csome; some.B::doSmth();
C++ , , . , . .
classILoad {
public:
virtualvoidStartLoading()=0;
virtualboolIsFinish()=0;
};
classCImg: public ILoad {
public:
virtual void StartLoading()
{printf("Img ->StartLoading");}
virtualboolIsFinish()
{ return true;}
};
14. .
C++ : public, protected, private. :
public, public public , protected protected .
|
|
|
protected, public protected protected .
private, public protected private .
15. .
C++ .
const_cast<> - const volatile. volatile const_cast .
dynamic_cast<> - , , NULL . RTTI (run-time type identification).
class Base {
public: virtual ~Base();
} * pBase;
class Derived: Base{};
Derived *pDerived = dynamic_cast(pBase);
:
if (typeid(Derived) == typeid(*pBase)) {
pDerived = (Derived*)pBase;
}
, , , ((Derived*)pBase) , dynamic_cast , Derived . VS . typeid , . typeid :
class A {...};
class B: public A {...};
class C: public B {...};
A *c = new C;
if (typeid(B) == typeid(*c)) {...}
dynamic_cast . , , , .
, ?
: , :
1.Derived *pDerived = new Derived();
2.Base *pBase = pDerived;
, .
static_cast<> - , (.. ) . . , . dynamic_cast B* A*, B A, . B A , .
static_cast<> const volatile, .
reinterpret_cast<> - , , . . char* int, A* B*, - . reinterpret_cast , , static_cast.
reinterpret_cast , , .
16. .
. , . : - .. , . .. . ++ , , .
( ) - () , - , . , : , , .
|
|
|
. , , -. . , Java, , , , . (, , Python), .
, . ( . purevirtual) . , , . ( , ). , , , .
, , . . : , , , , . , .
17. . .
, . :
void;
;
;
;
, ;
.
, . , . . , . , .
, , ~. , .
18. , .
- , , . () , , , , , . , , , . , , , . . . , , public, private. abstract. : , , . . , abstract, . , , . , private, , . , . final . , , private- . , native, .
19. .
- - , . - . ( ) . , , - . - , .
- , (, Delphi), . , (, Java), . , , , , , .
, - .
20. .
. , , , , . . , . , , , . . (, ), . , , .
21. .
, , . static. . , , , , . , . , Person message, .
, , static. , . , . . , .
- , . , Person , message. , .
. .
:
public class C {
public C() { }
staticint b=3;
staticint c;
static{ b++; c = 10; }//
}
, , , . , ++ ::
22. . .
́́́ (. exceptionhandling) , (), () . : .
, , - . .
. , , .
. , .
. - , .
. , , , ( - ) .
, . , , .
, , : , .
, . , , , .
, . : .
23. . . , .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
