...........................................................................................................3
.......................................................................................................4
..............................................................................................................5
1 . , ........................................................................................................6
2 ..........6
3 . ( )............................................................................7
4 ......................................12
5 , ...................................................................................................................13
6 , ........14
7 ..................................................16
8 ............................................................................................................17
9 ................................................................................................................21
10 , ...................................................................................................22
11 ...............................................................23
12 ..................................................................23
.........................................................................................................25
, .
. , , . - . - , . , , . - .
|
|
. , , , . . , , , . .
, , , , . : , , , .
, , . , . , .
1. . ,
, :
Δ p ;
. 1.1.
Δ p Δ p = 0,9 p .
Δ p = 0,9 p ,
Δ p =0,9∙4,8=4,32;