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Would, off, has, have, too, two




 

The UK, ____, ____ ambitious offshore wind power proposals. Britain's first ____offshore wind turbines were installed _____ Blyth harbour in Northumberland in 2000, and sites _____been identified for 13 offshore wind farms that could be built in the coming decade. These _____have a total installed capacity of 1600 MW.

 

Exercise 2. Fill in the table with words and expressions from the text:

 

  measures forms of energy devices
Example: The Middelgrunden wind farm includes   -   - 20 wind turbines.
Indirect manifestations of suns energy include      
The total installed capacity is      
The energy of air flows coming from warmer to cooler regions is      

 

Exercise 3. Compose a story on one of the topics (up to 100 words):

 

What is Wind Power?

The Use of Modern Wind Turbines for Electricity Generation

LESSON 4

 

THE READING MODULE

Read the text: WAVE POWER

When winds blow over the world's oceans, they cause waves. The power in such waves, as they gradually build up over very long distances, can be very great as anyone watching or feeling that power eventually being dissipated on a beach will know.

Various technologies for harnessing the power of waves have been developed over the past few decades, of which the oscillating water column (OWC) is perhaps the most widely used. In an OWC, the rise and fall of the waves inside an enclosed chamber alternately blows and sucks air through a special kind of air turbine, which is coupled to a generator to produce electricity.

 

 

Figure: The 500 kW Limpet wave energy plant installed in 2001 on the Scottish island of Islay

 

Wave energy technology is not as fully developed as wind power or photovoltaics, but its potential has recently been re-emphasised by several governments, including that of the UK. Rapid advances in developing and demonstrating the technology can be expected over the coming decade.

All of the renewable energy sources described above solar, bioenergy, hydropower, wind and wave are either direct or indirect forms of solar energy. However there are two other renewable sources, tidal and geothermal energy, that do not depend on solar radiation.

 

Non-solar renewables

Tidal Energy

 

The energy that causes the slow but regular rise and fall of the tides around our coastlines is not the same as that which creates waves. It is caused principally by the gravitational pull of the moon on the world's oceans. The sun also plays a minor role, not through its radiant energy but in the form of its gravitational pull, which exerts a small additional effect on tidal rhythms.

The principal technology for harnessing tidal energy essentially involves building a low dam, or barrage, across the estuary of a suitable river. The barrage has inlets that allow the rising sea levels to build up behind it. When the tide has reached maximum height, the inlets are closed and the impounded water is allowed to flow back to the sea in a controlled manner, via a turbine-generator system similar to that used in hydroelectric schemes.

The world's largest tidal energy scheme is at La Rance in France, which has a capacity of 240 MW.

 

Figure: The 240 MW tidal barrage installed at the Rance Estuary in France

 

There are a few other, smaller, tidal plants in various countries, including Canada, Russia and China. The United Kingdom has one of the world's best potential sites for a tidal energy scheme, in the Severn Estuary. If built, its capacity would be around 8600 MW, much larger than any other single power plant, and it could provide about 6 per cent of current UK electricity demand. But the scheme has not yet been implemented, mainly due to its very high capital cost and concerns about the effects on wildlife in the Severn estuary.

Another, newer tidal energy technology involves the use of underwater turbines (rather like submerged wind turbines) to harness the strong tidal and oceanic currents that flow in certain coastal regions. A 10 kW prototype tidal current turbine was tested at Loch Linne, in Scotland, in 1994, and a larger, 300 kW prototype was tested off the Devon coast in 2002.

The technology is still under development, but its prospects are promising.

 

After text activity

I. Reading exercises:

Exercise 1. Read and memorize using a dictionary:

 

wave power, oscillating water column, chamber, air turbine, non-solar, tide, tidal plant, coastline, gravitational pull, dam, barrage, estuary, inlet, sea level, capacity, power plant, electricity demand, wildlife, underwater turbine, tidal/oceanic current

Exercise 2. Answer the questions:

 

1) In what way are waves caused?

2) Which is the most widely used technology for harnessing the power of waves?

3) What is the major cause of regular rise and fall of tides around the coastline?

4) What country has the largest tidal energy scheme?

Exercise 3. Match the left part with the right:

1. Ocean waves are caused a) the oscillating water column
2. Tides are caused b) by the winds blowing over the worlds oceans
3. Wave energy technology involves c) by the gravitational pull of the moon on the worlds oceans
4. Tidal energy technology involves d) a low dam built across the estuary of a river

THE SPEAKING MODULE

II. Speaking exercises:

Exercise 1. Describe water column, tidal current, estuary, electricity demand, wildlife, prototype using the suggested words and expressionsas in example:

 

water column tubular, column, locate, steam, water, space, boiler, protective, devices, attach example: A water column is a tubular column located at the steam and water space of a boiler to which protective devices (such as gage cocks, water gage, and level alarms) are attached

 

tidal current alternating, horizontal, movement, water, rise, fall, tide, caused, astronomical, tide- producing, forces

 

estuary semi-enclosed, coastal, body, water, free, connection, open, sea, water, measurably, diluted, fresh, water

 

electricity demand ratio, maximum, demand, building, electric, power, total, connected, load

 

wildlife wild, animals, plants, collectively

 

prototype model suitable for use in complete evaluation of form, design, and performance

 

Exercise 2. Ask questions to the given answers:

1) Question:_____________________________________________________?

Answer: There are two renewable sources, tidal and geothermal energy, that do not depend on solar radiation.

2) Question:_____________________________________________________?

Answer: There are a few other, smaller, tidal plants in various countries, including Canada, Russia and China.

3) Question: _____________________________________________________?

Answer: Another, newer tidal energy technology involves the use of underwater turbines to harness the strong tidal and oceanic currents that flow in certain coastal regions.

 

 

THE WRITING MODULE

 

III. Writing exercises:

Exercise 1. Complete the sentences with the suggested words:





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