, , 1=50; 2=90; F1=5002; F2=4002; E=2*1011 .
:
1. ,
,,.
2. , .
N1=-P1= -50 = N2
N3= -P1+P2 = -50 + 90 = 40
, .
3. .
s1 = N1/F1 = (-50*103)/ 500 = -100 /2
s2 = N2/F2 = (-50*103)/ 400 = -125 /2
s3 = N3/F2 = (40*103)/ 400 = 100 /2
, .
, s = 125 /2.
4. .
D l = D l1 + D l2 + D l3 = - 250 125 + 150 = -225 .
D l1 = (N1 * l 1)/ E *F1 = - 50 * 103 * 0,5 / 2*1011*500*10-6 = - 25*103 /1000 *105 =
= - 0,025 * 10-2 = - 250 .
250 .
D l2 = (N2 * l 2)/ E *F2 = - 50 * 103 * 0,2 / 2*1011*400*10-6 = - 10*103 /800 *105 =
= - 0,0125* 10-2 = - 125 .
125 .
D l3 = (N3 * l 3)/ E *F2 = 40 * 103 * 0,3 / 2*1011*400*10-6 = 12*103 /800 *105 =
= 0,015* 10-2 = 150 .
150 .
225 = 0,225 .
1. , : , , , , , ;
2. ;
3. ;
4. ;
5. , : N=10,
w = 160 /, w. = 4 /, 1=30 , 2=120 , Z3=22, Z4=88.
:
1.
2. u = 2/1 = 120/30 = 4; u = Z4/Z3 = 88/22 = 4;
u = w /w. = 160/4 =40; u = u / u * u = 40/4 *4 = 2,5.
3. wI = w = 160 /;
wII = wI / u = 160/4 = 40 /;
wIII = wII / u = 40/4 = 10 /;
wIV = wIII / u = 10/2,5 = 4 / = w.;
4. ( .7) :
η = 0,96; η = 0,97; η = 0,94; η = 0,99;
η = η * η * η * η4 = 0,96 * 0,97 * 0,94 * 0,994 = 0,84
5. NI = N * η = 10 * 0,99 = 9,9
NII = NI * η * η = 9,9 * 0,99 * 0,96 = 9,4
NIII = NII * η * η = 9,4 * 0,99 * 0,97 = 9,0
NIV = NIII * η * η = 9,0 * 0,99 * 0,94 = 8,4
, . , :
|
|
P1 = 20 , P2 = 50 , F1 = 200 2, F2 = 400 2, [s] p = 150 /2.
:
1. ,
2. .
N1= P1= 20 = N2
N3= P1-P2 = 20 - 50 = - 30
3. .
s1 = N1/F1 = (20*103)/ 200 = 100 /2
s2 = N2/F2 = (20*103)/ 400 = 50 /2
s3 = N3/F2 = (-30*103)/ 400 = -75 /2
, s1 = 100 /2 [s] p = 150 /2, .
150 100% =100*100 = 66,67% => 33,33%
100 150
, , .
4. .
, , , = 870 *, [t] = 25 /2.
:
1.
d = 3Ö /0,2*[t] = 3Ö 870 * 103/0,2* 25 = 3Ö 174 * 103 = 10 * 5,6 = 56 .
2. .
.. , , 56 . 5 , . , 60 , - 65 ,
- 70 , - 75 , - 65 .
. . , :
m1 = 4 kH*; m2 = 7 kH*; m3 = 5 kH*; d = 70 ; [t] = 45 /2.
1. , .
2. :
1 = m1 = 4 kH*;
2 = m1 - m2 = 4 7 = - 3 kH*;
2 = m1 - m2 + m3 = 4 7 + 5 = 2 kH*;
, .
,
= 4 kH*;
3. .
Wp = p * d3/16 = 3,14 * 703 /16 = 67313,75 3;
4. .
t1 = 1 / Wp = (4*103*103)/ 67313,75 = 59,4 /2;
t2 = 2 / Wp = (3*103*103)/ 67313,75 = 44,6 /2;
t3 = 3/ Wp = (2*103*103)/ 67313,75 = 29,7 /2;
, .. t1 = [t]; 59,4 > 45 /2;
:
45 100% = 59,4 * 100 / 45 = 132% - 100% = 32%
59,4 - %
5. , , :
|
|
)
)
)
)
6. .
, .
P1 = 6 , P2 = 4 , m = 8 kH*, [s]u = 120 /2.
:
1. .
S=0
SmA(F)=0
SmB(F)=0
XA = 0
P1*AC m - YB*AB P2*AE = 0
YA*AB P1*BC m P2*BE = 0
YB = (P1*AC m P2*AE) / AB = (6*2-8-4*7)/5 =
= - 4,8 kH.
YA = (P1*BC + m + P2*BE) / AB = (6*3+8+4*2)/5 =
= 6,8 kH.
: SY=0? YA-P1+YB+P2= 6,8 - 6 - 4,8+4 =0!
2. , .
QA=0; Q1 = YA = 6,8 kH = Q2;
Q3 = YA-P1 = 6,8 6 = 0,8 kH = Q4 =Q5 =Q6;
Q7 = YA P1 +YB = 6,8 6 - 4,8 = - 4kH = Q8;
QS = YA P1 + YB + P2 = 6,8 6 4,8 + 4 = 0.
3. .
MA = 0 = M1; M2 = YA*AC = 6,8*2 = 13,6 kH* = M3;
M4 = YA*A - P1*C = 6,8*4 6*2 = 15,2 kH*;
M5 = M4 m = 15,2 8 = 7,2 kH*;
M6 = YA*AB - P1*BC - m = 6,8*5 6*3 - 8 = 8 kH* = M7;
M7 = P2*BE = 4*2 = 8 kH*; => M8 = MS = 0.
Mu.max = 15,2 kH*
4. :
Wx = Mu.max /[s]u = (15,2 *103*103) / 120 = 126,67 *103 3;
5. .
d = 3Ö (32 * Wx) / p = 3Ö (32 * 126,67 *103) / 3,14 = 10 3Ö 1291 =
= 10 * 10,8 = 108 .
d = 110 .
, :
1). ; 2). h/b = 2/1;, :
m1= 200 *; m2 = 900 *; m3 =?; m4 = 400 *.
[t]= 35 /2;
:
1. .
2. m3.
- m1 + m2 m3 m4 = 0
m3 = - m1 + m2 m4 = - 200 + 900 400 = 300 *
3. .
1 = -m1 = - 200 *;
2 = -m1+ m2= - 200 + 900 = 700 *;
3 = -m1+ m2 - m3 = - 200 + 900 - 300 = 400 *;
.
max = 700 *;
4. .
Wp = max /[t] = (700*103)/35 = 20*103 3;
5. .
d = 3Ö (16 * Wp) / p = 3Ö (16 * 20 * 103) / 3,14 = 10 3Ö 127,4 = 10*5,1 = 51.
d = 55 .
6. .
Wp = (b*h2) /6; h/b = 2/1; b = h/2 => Wp = (h * h2) / 2*6 = h3/12,
h = 3Ö (12 * 20 * 103) = 10 3Ö 240 = 10*6,2 = 62 ,
b = h/2 = 62/2 = 31 .
d = 35 . ,
Fr = 1980 H, n =1450 /.
.
:
1. d = 35 307, : d = 35 , D = 80 , = 21 , = 33,2 .
2. , .
P = (x * V *Fr + y * Fa) * KT * = Fr = 1980 H.
.. , Fa = 0, : , V, , = 1
3. :
Lh307 = ( /P)3 * 105 /6 * n = (33,2/1,98)3 * 105/ 6 *1450 = 54200 .
|
|
: , 10000 30000 , 307 , .
4. 207, d = 35 , D = 72, = 17,
= 25,5 .
5. 207 :
Lh307 = ( /P)3 * 105 /6 * n = (25,5/1,98)3 * 105/ 6 *1450 = 25250 ., , => 207.
,
1
1) .
2):
-
-
-
: 88000 .
(. ) | (. .) | (. .) | (. .) | % | , (. .) | (. .) | |||||
4 | 7 | 2,5 | |||||||||
9 | 2 | 2,1 | |||||||||
5 | 8 | ||||||||||
6 | 9 | ||||||||||
3 | - | - | |||||||||
7 | 6 |
:
1. :
.
2. :
.
3. :
79000+2000- 4666.7=76333.3 .
4. :
.
5. :
.
6. : 1995=(1900+1800+1900+1950+1950+1940+2000+
2000+2100++2200+2100+2100)/12
7.
8. :
9.:
./
. /.
(. ) | (. .) | (. .) | (. .) | % | , (. .) | (. .) | |||||
4 | 7 | 4666.7 | 76333.3 | 2,5 | 1908,3 | 477,1 | |||||
9 | 2 | 233.3 | 58416.7 | 2,1 | 1226,7 | 306,7 | |||||
5 | 1250,4 | 8 | 333,3 | 9917.1 | 198.3 | 49,6 | |||||
6 | 9 | 900,0 | |||||||||
3 | - | - | |||||||||
7 | 49.6 | 6 | 600,0 |
|
|
2
1, 2, 3, 4.
().
, 20%. 18%.
1. - .
1
/ | . | ||
. | |||
/ . | . | ||
/ . | % | ||
/ | . | ||
/ | . | ||
/ | % | ||
/ | . | ||
. | . | ||
(10% .2) | . | ||
: | . |
2. .
2
. (). | . | () | - | (). | |
: |
2.
3. - .
3
/ | . . | (.) | |
. | |||
/ , , | . | ||
/ | % | ||
3 | / | . | |
. | |||
. | |||
. | |||
. | |||
: | |||
(5% .7) | . | ||
: | . |
4.
4
(.) | - (.) | . 1 (.) | . 1 . (.) | 1 . | (.) | 1 . | (. .) |
. 1
/ = 400*10% / 100% = 40 .
/ =(400+40)*34% / 100% = 149.6 .
= 400*10% / 100% =40 .
=2000+400+40+150+400+40=3030
. 2
(1)=1/*100% = 1/6*100% = 17%.
(2)=1/9*100=11%
(1): 900000*17/100 = 153000 .
(2): 600000*11/100 = 66000 .
. = * -
.(1)=153000*5=765000
.(2)=66000*3=198000
=765000+198000=963000
. 3
/=500800*34% /100%=170272
=963000+500800+170272+152000+305000+100980+200260=2392312
.=200260*5%/100%=10013
= 2392312+10013=2402325
. 4
2= 3
.3=2402325 / 8000=300
5 = 3+4=3030+300=3330
/ . =3330 * 8000 = 26640000.
= +
= / * 100%
= 20 %
=3330*20%/100%=666
7=3330+666=3996
= * - = 3996*8000=31968000 .