.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


II.




 

 


, , 1=50; 2=90; F1=5002; F2=4002; E=2*1011 .

 

:

 

1. ,

,,.

 

2. , .

N1=-P1= -50 = N2

N3= -P1+P2 = -50 + 90 = 40

, .

 

3. .

s1 = N1/F1 = (-50*103)/ 500 = -100 /2

s2 = N2/F2 = (-50*103)/ 400 = -125 /2

s3 = N3/F2 = (40*103)/ 400 = 100 /2

, .

, s = 125 /2.

 

4. .

D l = D l1 + D l2 + D l3 = - 250 125 + 150 = -225 .

D l1 = (N1 * l 1)/ E *F1 = - 50 * 103 * 0,5 / 2*1011*500*10-6 = - 25*103 /1000 *105 =

= - 0,025 * 10-2 = - 250 .

250 .

 

D l2 = (N2 * l 2)/ E *F2 = - 50 * 103 * 0,2 / 2*1011*400*10-6 = - 10*103 /800 *105 =

= - 0,0125* 10-2 = - 125 .

125 .

 

D l3 = (N3 * l 3)/ E *F2 = 40 * 103 * 0,3 / 2*1011*400*10-6 = 12*103 /800 *105 =

= 0,015* 10-2 = 150 .

150 .

225 = 0,225 .

 

 

1. , : , , , , , ;

2. ;

3. ;

4. ;

5. , : N=10,

w = 160 /, w. = 4 /, 1=30 , 2=120 , Z3=22, Z4=88.

 

:

1.

 

 

2. u = 2/1 = 120/30 = 4; u = Z4/Z3 = 88/22 = 4;

u = w /w. = 160/4 =40; u = u / u * u = 40/4 *4 = 2,5.

 

3. wI = w = 160 /;

wII = wI / u = 160/4 = 40 /;

wIII = wII / u = 40/4 = 10 /;

wIV = wIII / u = 10/2,5 = 4 / = w.;

 

4. ( .7) :

η = 0,96; η = 0,97; η = 0,94; η = 0,99;

η = η * η * η * η4 = 0,96 * 0,97 * 0,94 * 0,994 = 0,84

 

5. NI = N * η = 10 * 0,99 = 9,9

NII = NI * η * η = 9,9 * 0,99 * 0,96 = 9,4

NIII = NII * η * η = 9,4 * 0,99 * 0,97 = 9,0

NIV = NIII * η * η = 9,0 * 0,99 * 0,94 = 8,4

 

 
 


, . , :

P1 = 20 , P2 = 50 , F1 = 200 2, F2 = 400 2, [s] p = 150 /2.

 

:


 

1. ,

 

2. .

N1= P1= 20 = N2

N3= P1-P2 = 20 - 50 = - 30

 

3. .

s1 = N1/F1 = (20*103)/ 200 = 100 /2

s2 = N2/F2 = (20*103)/ 400 = 50 /2

s3 = N3/F2 = (-30*103)/ 400 = -75 /2

 

, s1 = 100 /2 [s] p = 150 /2, .

150 100% =100*100 = 66,67% => 33,33%

100 150

 

, , .

 

4. .

 

 

, , , = 870 *, [t] = 25 /2.

 

:

 

1.

 

d = 3Ö /0,2*[t] = 3Ö 870 * 103/0,2* 25 = 3Ö 174 * 103 = 10 * 5,6 = 56 .

 

2. .

 

.. , , 56 . 5 , . , 60 , - 65 ,

- 70 , - 75 , - 65 .

 

 
 


. . , :

m1 = 4 kH*; m2 = 7 kH*; m3 = 5 kH*; d = 70 ; [t] = 45 /2.

 

1. , .

2. :

 

1 = m1 = 4 kH*;

 

2 = m1 - m2 = 4 7 = - 3 kH*;

 

2 = m1 - m2 + m3 = 4 7 + 5 = 2 kH*;

 

, .

,

 

= 4 kH*;

 

3. .

 

Wp = p * d3/16 = 3,14 * 703 /16 = 67313,75 3;

 

4. .

 

t1 = 1 / Wp = (4*103*103)/ 67313,75 = 59,4 /2;

 

t2 = 2 / Wp = (3*103*103)/ 67313,75 = 44,6 /2;

 

t3 = 3/ Wp = (2*103*103)/ 67313,75 = 29,7 /2;

 

, .. t1 = [t]; 59,4 > 45 /2;

:

 

45 100% = 59,4 * 100 / 45 = 132% - 100% = 32%

59,4 - %

 

5. , , :

 

)

)

)

)

6. .

 

 
 


, .

 

P1 = 6 , P2 = 4 , m = 8 kH*, [s]u = 120 /2.

 

:

 

1. .

 
 


S=0

SmA(F)=0

SmB(F)=0

 

XA = 0

P1*AC m - YB*AB P2*AE = 0

YA*AB P1*BC m P2*BE = 0

 

YB = (P1*AC m P2*AE) / AB = (6*2-8-4*7)/5 =

= - 4,8 kH.

YA = (P1*BC + m + P2*BE) / AB = (6*3+8+4*2)/5 =

= 6,8 kH.

: SY=0? YA-P1+YB+P2= 6,8 - 6 - 4,8+4 =0!

 

2. , .

QA=0; Q1 = YA = 6,8 kH = Q2;

Q3 = YA-P1 = 6,8 6 = 0,8 kH = Q4 =Q5 =Q6;

Q7 = YA P1 +YB = 6,8 6 - 4,8 = - 4kH = Q8;

QS = YA P1 + YB + P2 = 6,8 6 4,8 + 4 = 0.

 

3. .

 

MA = 0 = M1; M2 = YA*AC = 6,8*2 = 13,6 kH* = M3;

M4 = YA*A - P1*C = 6,8*4 6*2 = 15,2 kH*;

M5 = M4 m = 15,2 8 = 7,2 kH*;

M6 = YA*AB - P1*BC - m = 6,8*5 6*3 - 8 = 8 kH* = M7;

M7 = P2*BE = 4*2 = 8 kH*; => M8 = MS = 0.

Mu.max = 15,2 kH*

 

4. :

 

Wx = Mu.max /[s]u = (15,2 *103*103) / 120 = 126,67 *103 3;

 

5. .

 

d = 3Ö (32 * Wx) / p = 3Ö (32 * 126,67 *103) / 3,14 = 10 3Ö 1291 =

= 10 * 10,8 = 108 .

 

d = 110 .

 


, :

1). ; 2). h/b = 2/1;, :

 

m1= 200 *; m2 = 900 *; m3 =?; m4 = 400 *.

 

[t]= 35 /2;

 

:

 

1. .

2. m3.

 

- m1 + m2 m3 m4 = 0

m3 = - m1 + m2 m4 = - 200 + 900 400 = 300 *

 

3. .

 

1 = -m1 = - 200 *;

2 = -m1+ m2= - 200 + 900 = 700 *;

3 = -m1+ m2 - m3 = - 200 + 900 - 300 = 400 *;

 

.

 

max = 700 *;

 

4. .

 

Wp = max /[t] = (700*103)/35 = 20*103 3;

 

5. .

d = 3Ö (16 * Wp) / p = 3Ö (16 * 20 * 103) / 3,14 = 10 3Ö 127,4 = 10*5,1 = 51.

 

d = 55 .

 

6. .

 

Wp = (b*h2) /6; h/b = 2/1; b = h/2 => Wp = (h * h2) / 2*6 = h3/12,

 

h = 3Ö (12 * 20 * 103) = 10 3Ö 240 = 10*6,2 = 62 ,

 

b = h/2 = 62/2 = 31 .

 

 
 


d = 35 . ,

Fr = 1980 H, n =1450 /.

.

 

:

 

1. d = 35 307, : d = 35 , D = 80 , = 21 , = 33,2 .

 

2. , .

 

P = (x * V *Fr + y * Fa) * KT * = Fr = 1980 H.

.. , Fa = 0, : , V, , = 1

 

3. :

 

Lh307 = ( /P)3 * 105 /6 * n = (33,2/1,98)3 * 105/ 6 *1450 = 54200 .

 

: , 10000 30000 , 307 , .

 

4. 207, d = 35 , D = 72, = 17,

= 25,5 .

 

5. 207 :

 

Lh307 = ( /P)3 * 105 /6 * n = (25,5/1,98)3 * 105/ 6 *1450 = 25250 ., , => 207.

 


,

1

 

1) .

 

2):

-

-

-

 

: 88000 .

 

(. ) (. .) (. .) (. .) % , (. .) (. .)
    4     7     2,5    
    9     2     2,1    
    5     8          
    6     9          
    3   - -          
    7     6          

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

:

1. :

.

2. :

.

3. :

79000+2000- 4666.7=76333.3 .

4. :

.

5. :

.

6. : 1995=(1900+1800+1900+1950+1950+1940+2000+

2000+2100++2200+2100+2100)/12

 

7.

 

8. :

9.:

./

 

. /.

 

(. ) (. .) (. .) (. .) % , (. .) (. .)
    4     7 4666.7 76333.3 2,5 1908,3 477,1
    9     2 233.3 58416.7 2,1 1226,7 306,7
    5 1250,4   8 333,3 9917.1   198.3 49,6
    6     9 900,0        
    3   - -          
    7 49.6   6 600,0        

 

2

1, 2, 3, 4.

().

, 20%. 18%.

1. - .

1

/ .
       
  .  
  / . .  
  / . %  
  / .  
  / .  
  / %  
  / .  
  . .  
  (10% .2) .  
:   .  

 

2. .

2

. (). . () - ().
           
         
         
:    

2.

3. - .

3

/ . . (.)
       
  .  
  / , , .  
  / %  
3 / .  
  .  
  .  
  .  
  .  
  :    
  (5% .7) .  
  : .  

 

4.

4

(.) - (.) . 1 (.) . 1 . (.) 1 . (.) 1 . (. .)
               
               

. 1

/ = 400*10% / 100% = 40 .

/ =(400+40)*34% / 100% = 149.6 .

= 400*10% / 100% =40 .

=2000+400+40+150+400+40=3030

. 2

(1)=1/*100% = 1/6*100% = 17%.

(2)=1/9*100=11%

(1): 900000*17/100 = 153000 .

(2): 600000*11/100 = 66000 .

. = * -

.(1)=153000*5=765000

.(2)=66000*3=198000

=765000+198000=963000

. 3

/=500800*34% /100%=170272

=963000+500800+170272+152000+305000+100980+200260=2392312

.=200260*5%/100%=10013

= 2392312+10013=2402325

. 4

2= 3

.3=2402325 / 8000=300

5 = 3+4=3030+300=3330

/ . =3330 * 8000 = 26640000.

= +

= / * 100%

= 20 %

=3330*20%/100%=666

7=3330+666=3996

= * - = 3996*8000=31968000 .

 





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