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| He visited that country twice. . | 1. She says that the plane has already landed. , . 2. That London is the capital of the UK is known to everybody. , , . | Water is one of the few substances that man knows well. , . | The density of the liquid air is only a little less than that of water. . |
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(Word-building. The suffixes of nouns)
) -er, -or , :
to teach ; teacher
to listen ; listener
) -ian :
Russian
historian
) -ist , :
artist
specialist
physicist
) , , :
Ion, -tion, -ation, -sion, -ssion.
organization
compression
explosion
Ment
government
achievement
Ure
lecture
pressure
Ance, -ence
dependence
resistance
-ness ( )
kindness
Hood
childhood
Ship
friendship
Th
long ; length
wide ; width
Dom
kingdom
freedom
Ism
capitalism
E x e r c i s e s
I. Write three forms of the verbs:
to be, to become, to begin, to break, to bring, to buy, to come, to catch, to choose, to do, to drink, to drive, to draw, to eat, to fall, to feel, to forget, to give, to go, to grow, to hear, to keep, to know, to leave, to lose, to make, to pay, to read, to rise, to run, to see, to send, to show, to sit, to sleep, to stand, to strike, to take, to teach, to think, to wake, to write.
II. Practise all possible combinations by using the tables.
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| he she my sister Tom her friend | has (not) | written read come seen been bought booked travelled visited | a letter this book the test home a new film by plane to England the USA tickets by phone a TV set |
| I you they our friends | have (not) |
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| Has | he she Tom Mary | visited been travelled booked seen translated | to England? Egypt? by ship? tickets by phone? a new film? a lot? this poem? |
| Have | I we you they |
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III. Make up sentences. Use the Present Perfect Tense.
Model: He - /to send/ a telegram.
He has just sent a telegram.
1. John - /to come/ home.
2. Jim - /to go/ to Canada.
3. We - /to arrive/.
4. I - /to see/ him.
5. They - /to have/ lunch.
6. She - /to book/ tickets.
7. Ann - /to phone/.
IV. Make the following sentences a) interrogative; b) negative.
Model: We have been to Greece.
Have you been to England?
No, we havent been to England.
Weve been to Greece.
1. They have travelled a lot. 2. I have never been to London. 3. She has visited China twice. 4. This is the first time he has driven a car. 5. Tom has met many interesting people. 6. She has already translated this article. 7. Nick has just seen him.
V. Complete these questions. Let your fellow students answer them.
1. Have you seen...? 2. Have you been to...? 3. Have you written...? 4. Have you visited...? 5. Has he booked...? 6. Has she travelled by...? 7. Has Tom done...?
VI. Put who -questions.
Model: They have sent a letter.
Who has sent a letter?
1. I have written a letter to my friend. 2. They have eaten at a new English restaurant. 3. I have been to Italy this year. 4. We have had our lunch. 5. He has already booked tickets. 6. We have met a lot of interesting people. 7. She has studied very much this term.
VII. Put all possible questions to the following sentences:
1. Nora has traveled a lot. 2. She has already booked tickets. 3. She has visited China twice. 4. I have known him since my childhood. 5. They have seen this film. 6. We have just seen him. 7. He has read a lot of English books.
VIII. Fill in the blanks with for or since.
1. He has forgotten his Spanish... he left Cuba. 2. What have you done... I last saw you? 3. I havent seen him... ages. 4. It has rained... Monday. 5. I have known him... childhood. 6. Ive known him... years. 7. How long have you been here? Ive been here... two months,... last May. 8. How long have you studied Chinese? -... five years,... I was eighteen. 9. How long have you been in the library? Ive been here... ten oclock,... three hours. 10. Peter is hungry because he has had nothing to eat... five hours,... morning. 11. They have been here... an hour. 12. Its been foggy... a fortnight. 13.... when has he been in love?
IX. Put the adverbs in the right place.
1. (ever) Have you travelled? 2. (always) She has been a bright student. 3. (never) We have seen a flying saucer. 4. (just) They have had a walk in the park. 5. (yet) Have you finished your homework? 6. (always) I have wanted to meet your parents. 7. (yet) She hasnt sent a telegram. 8. (lately) Have you heard from Mary? 9. (long) He has studied the subject. 10. (ever) Has your sister had any troubles with her son?
X. Mary has had a day off today. Say what she has done. Use the following word combinations:
to clean the windows, to sweep the floor, to dust the furniture, to water the flowers, to wash up the dishes, to go shopping, to buy some food, to pick up the linen from the laundry, to iron clothes, to sew some buttons on the kids jackets, to cook dinner, to bake a cake, to make coffee, to take the dog for a walk, to meet the children from school, to have a busy day.
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XI. Make up sentences using Present Perfect:
Model: I am very tired. (to work) I have worked hard.
1. She can speak English. (to learn) 2. He can share his impressions about the film. (to see) 3. I know the contents of the letter. (to read) 4. I like her husband. (to meet) 5. They may come to the party. (to return) 6. Ann isnt here. (to leave) 7. I am going to wear a new blouse tonight. (to buy) 8. She knows the truth. (to tell) 9. They can tell us a lot about London. (to visit) 10. I know how to get there. (to be) 11. She looks fresh. (to have a rest) 12. I have no money. (to spend) 13. Sue is looking for her gloves. (to lose) 14. Bill cant play football. (to break)
XII. Make up questions. Use the model.
Model: you ever /be/ to Italy?
Have you ever been to Italy?
1. you ever /be/ to South America?
2. you / read/ any English books?
3. you /live/ in this town all your life?
4. how many times / you/ be / to England?
5. Whats the most beautiful country you /ever/ visit?
6. you ever /speak/ to a famous person?
XIII. Complete the sentences:
1. Ive just
2. Hes (already)
3. Shes never
4. Theyve always
5. Have you ever ?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
6. I havent
XIV. Use Present Perfect or Present Indefinite:
1. Helen (to be) sick since last week. She (to miss) her grammar test. 2. He (to read) a lot and (to know) a lot. 3. Bobs parents usually (to stay) in the country the whole summer. 4. We (to stay) here for a month, and it (to rain) almost every day. 5. You (to be) at home in the evening? 6. I (to be) here ever since morning. 7. He (to receive) letters from her every week. 8. He (to receive) letters from her since last year. 9. Is it the first time he (to see) a tiger? 10. Thats the third time I (to phone) her today. 11. How long you (to know) each other? 12. I hardly (to hear) anything from her since that time. 13. It long (to be) my dream to visit Canada. 14. She (to dream) of becoming an actress. 15. Normally I (to have) breakfast at 8 in the morning. 16. I (to have) just my breakfast.
XV. Translate the first part of the sentences using Present Indefinite or Present Perfect:
1. now
since 1960
2. twice a week
since childhood
3. three days a week
for two years
4. every Saturday
since they moved here
5. sometimes
for many years
6. now
since we went to school
7. every day
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since 9 oclock
8. once a week
since early childhood
9. now
since he got the driving license
10. regularly
since last spring
XVI. Fill in the blanks. Use:
long, long ago, for a long time, last, last time, in the last few years, lately, late in spring, this year, just, just now, for three years, three years ago, last year.
1. When did you go to the Bolshoi Theatre...? 2. I havent had a holiday.... 3. They got married.... 4. How often have you visited Canada...? 5. He graduated from the university.... 6. She has... left. 7. It happened.... 8. I saw her in the corridor.... 9. This team hasnt won a game.... 10. They started making the film.... 11. He has learned Latin.... 12. We have worked together....
XVII. Use Past Indefinite or Present Perfect:
A.
1. When you (to go) to the cinema last? Im afraid I (not to be) to the cinema for a few months. 2. I (to make) a report at the seminar on Monday. You (to make) your report yet? 3. Anybody (to see) her today? Yes, I (to see) her an hour ago. 4. Lets go home, it (to grow) dark. 5. It (to be) dark when we (to come) home. 6. You ever (to see) any plays by Alby? Yes, I (to see) one last week. 7. Your brother (to graduate) from the University? Yes, he (to graduate) in May. 8. I (to pass) my last examination. 9. I (to pass) my English exam last week. 10. Moscow (to change) greatly for the last few years. 11. They (to live) in Canada for a few years and then (to move) to Australia.
B.
1. You (to make) good progress in your English lately, said the teacher. 2. It (to rain) every weekend since we arrived here. 3. The boss (to be) away the whole day today. 4. What (to happen) to him? He (to break) his arm yesterday, thats why he (not to come) today. 5. When you (to receive) a letter from your uncle last? I (not to hear) from him since he (to leave) three years ago. 6. He (to be) President of the company ever since its foundation. 7. There (to be) a lot of disasters this year. 8. The plane (to land)? Yes, it (to land) just. 9. The postman (to bring) the mail? Yes, he (to come) while you (to be) asleep as usual. 10. Its a nice dress. Where you (to buy) it? 11. I (not to hear) what you (to say). 12. You (to understand) what I (to say)?
XVIII. Use the correct tense forms.
A.
1. Have you heard about Tom? He (be) to England. Really? When (he/go) there? - He (go) there in July.
2. You (see) Nora recently? - No, she (go) to Italy. - Really? But she (be) there last year. - Yes, but Italy (to be) her favourite country. She (go) there every year.
3. Mr. Smith (work) in a bank for 15 years. Then he gave it up.
4. Emily lives in Belfast. She (live) there all her life.
5. Bob and Alice (go) to Paris. - (you ever/be) to Paris?
6. When we were on holiday the weather (be) awful.
7. The weather (be) very nice recently, dont you think?
8. I dont know Carols husband. I (never/meet) him.
9. (you/see) Ann last week?
10. I (play) tennis when I was on holiday.
B.
Dan just (to meet) Tim who (to return) from the USA a few days ago. They (to have) a cup of coffee and (to discuss) Tims problems. Tim (to be) unemployed now. He (to lose) his job three years ago. He (to go) to the USA because he (to hope) to find some job there. He (to be) a dentist and he (to discover) that his qualification (not to be) enough to start his own practice there.
So he (to be) out of work for three years now. He (to turn) to a number of employment agencies but he (to be) unsuccessful so far. Dan (to ask), You (to expect) to find a job easily? Im afraid it (not to be) so easy. The economic situation in the country (to change) for the worse this year and many companies (to close up). I (to advise) you to consider some other opportunities. What you (to mean)? Take any job you (to find), no matter how little they (to pay). I (to think) about it but I (to spend) all my savings and I (not to know) what tomorrow (to have) in store for me. All right. If you (not to find) anything else in the near future, I (to think) my father (to offer) you a job in his office. I (to appreciate) it.
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XIX. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. - ? . ? . . 2. . ? . . 3. . ? . 4. , . 5. . 6. . 7. , . 8. , . 9. ? , , . 10. .
XX. Study the table The Functions of that . Translate the sentences, pay attention to the functions of that.
1. I feel that he has told the truth. 2. The territory of the Ukraine is larger than that of Byelorussia. 3. From that window you can see large buildings of the University. 4. The rivers in the western part of our country are not so long as those in the eastern part. 5. She has a feeling that she has forgotten to do something. 6. That day in the middle of August was his last day in Paris. 7. He knew that his father disapproved of his interest in natural history. 8. That man is very proud by nature. 9. Whos done that? 10. When Ive finished my work will you remind me of that? 11. The fact that you denied it was unexpected. 12. That art reflects reality is known to everybody. 13. The fact that the environment influences people is no longer disputed. 14. In English there are many words borrowed from the French language. That is a result of the Norman invasion of England.
XXI. Form nouns with the given suffixes. Translate them into Russian:
-er to buy, to sell, to work, to write, to travel, to found, to make
-or to direct, to invent, to translate, to visit
-ment to agree, to develop, to pay, to govern, to achieve, to punish, to equip, to move
-ance (-ence) to depend, to correspond, to guide, to attend, to differ
-tion to emigrate, to liberate, to radiate, to examine, to prepare, to combine, to illustrate, to separate, to exhibit.
XXII. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the underlined words.
1. She finds great enjoyment in music. 2. After a long discussion the delegations came to an agreement. 3. I havent enough money today to make the payments. 4. A writer of plays is called a dramatist. 5. A journalists profession is called journalism. 6. The laser measurement of distances has become a new method in the exploration of the Earth-Moon system. 7. Lomonosov was not only a talented scientist, but a materialist philosopher as well. 8. K.Tsiolkovsky was a practical inventor who made his own laboratory equipment.
