. 800. 6.
- | ij | |||||
- | 6727-80 | 3,9 | ||||
15,14 | ||||||
23,1 | ||||||
- | 5781-82 | 2,2 | ||||
- | 5781-82 | 0,4 | ||||
1,36 | ||||||
10.56 | ||||||
15,82 | ||||||
-IV | 10884-81 | |||||
L708 | 8509-86 | - | - | 3.6 | ||
: | 31,89 |
2.2.7. .
, .
2.2.8. .
.
2.2.9. .
, .
2.3. .
, . .
-, (), (), ( ). ³ 䳿. 䳺 , . . ϳ , . -.
, , . , 䳿 .
(. 1.1.) ' : ; , ; ; ; .
, 䳿 ( ); , , . ( ) ,
|
|
10 50 .
.
.1.1
1- , 2-, 3- , 4- , 5- ,
6- , 7- .
:
- ;
- ;
- .
.
, , , , , , . , , , , , .
, , ; .
㳿 . , , .
2.4. 㳿 .
, , , .
2.4.1. . . '-. .
(-240) , (2-33-01 1-33-03), . 63-4 , . , 䳺 . 174.
䳺 () .
.
|
|
.
-182, 4,5 . 3, 120 . 3 7230 2.
, , . . .
. 60 , 5 . , , , , 20...25- . .
, , .
2 . , .
2.4.2. . , , , , , , , , .
2.4.3. . , , , , , . . , () , .
2.4.4. . , , , , , , . , , , . . , , , , .
2.4.5. .
, , , . , , .
2.5. .
. ( , , , , , , , , , , ) , , ᒺ, ᒺ 8. [6].
8
̳ | ||||||
|
|
3. .
3.1. .
, (, , , 23 ).
9
. . | ||||
1. 2. 3. | , , : | |||
4. | ||||
4.1. | ||||
4.2. | ||||
5. | , : | |||
5.1. | ||||
5.2. | ||||
6. | ʳ : | |||
6.1. | ||||
6.2. | ||||
6.4. | ||||
6.5. | , | |||
7. | ʳ | |||
8. | г | |||
9. | , |
3.2 .
( ) .
3.2.1. .
(, ) , . ( )
= 60*q/ =60*1.6/23 = 4.17 (3/)
q ᒺ ,
, 3;
( ) , . ( 10)
(, ) ,
Z =/*n* =17000/253*16*4.17=1 ()
(253 );
n (16
);
(), 3/.
Z. , ().
= Z* ** n = 1*4.17*253*16=16880 (3/)
Ͳ ²в ² ί , Ͳ 5 %.
3 ᒺ ,
. = /q =16880/1.6 = 10550 (/)
= / = 16880/253 = 67 (3/)
. = ./ = 10550/253 = 42 (/)
|
|
3 . ( 2)
= /2 = 67/2=33,5 (3/)
. = ./2 = 42/2 = 21 (./)
3 . ( 8).
= /8 33,5/8 = 4.2 (3/)
. = . /8 21/8 = 2,63 (/)
10.
10.
.. | () | . 3 | ||||
6,3-8V | 3 | 33.5 | 4.2 2.63 |
3.3. .
, : [3] . 77-81, 121-138; [8] . 66-88. , 2.2, 2,3,4,5.
:
/ /
R =400
:
- : R = 500
ρ = 1300 /
ρ =3100 /
- : = 2,2
R =1800 /
ρ =2800 /
- : 20
ρ(ρ) =1350 /
ρ (ρ) = 2650 /
1.ϳ .
%: 5-10 = 40%
10-20 = 60%
2. .
25 3-4.
3. - /.
4. . 1 3 .
1 = 3-4 = 190
5. 13 .
=*/ = 190*2,23 = 424
6. 13 .
= = = 1099
7. 13
= (1000 - (+))*ρ = (1000 (+ 190)) * 2,8 = 724
8. .
ρ. = 424+724+1099+190=2437 /3
9. .
β= =1,34
2.3.4. ,
, .
. , , (. 4 10). 12.
3.4.1. .
.= *1.015 =16880*1,015 = 17133,2 (3/) (20)
1,015 , 1,5% , , [3], . 346.
3.4.2. .
= .**1.01 = 17133,2 * 0,424*1,01 = 7337,12 (/) (21)
1 3
1,01 , 1% , , [3] . 129.
3.4.4. ϳ.
= . ** 1.02/ ρ = 17133,2* 0,724*1,02/1,8 = 7029,2(3/) (23)
1 3
ρ /3
1,02 , 2% , .
3.4.5. ().
= . ** 1.02/ ρ =17133,2 * 1,099*1,02/1,35 = 14226,65 (3/)
() () 1 3 ;
ρ (ρ) () /3.
0 3.4.6. .
= . * = 17133,2*1,9 = 32553,08 (3/)
3 1 3 .
⒒=*Z *n = 67*100*0,2 = 33500(3/)
, 3/;
Z , , 4 25 = 100 ;
n 1 3 , (0,2 0,25 3).
⒒ =*n*Z*n . = 253*16*8*0,06 = 1943,04(3/)
Z , ( 6 10 );
n . - ( 0,06 0,08 3).
|
|
= + ⒒+⒒ = 32553,08+33500+1943,4 = 67996,12 (3/)
3.4.7. .
:
- ( ) 0,048 - ();
- ( ) 0,06546 - ();
- ( ) 0,04214 - ();
- 0,00336- ().
:
= . * *1.06 = 10550*0,048*1,06=536,784 (/)
= .**1.03 = 10550*0,06546*1,03 =711.321 (/)
= .**1.03 = 10550*0.04214*1.03=444.577 (/)
= .**1.02 = 10550*0.00336*1.02 = 36.157(/)
1,06; 1,03; 1,02; 1,05 , :
- - 6%
- -I (240), -II (300), -III (400), , -, - - 3%
- ( ) - 2%
- - 5%
= ++ + = 536.784+711.321+444.577+36.157 = 1728.839 (/)
3.4.8. .
, , , , , 2. [3], ..246, 1 2 200 , 0,0002 . ,
3.4.9. .
= *∑n= 16880*280 = 4726400(/)
∑n 1 3 (. 9) .4.
3.4.10. .
. = *∑n + * n. = 16880*13+1728.839*73=345645(3/)
∑n , , 3 1 3 (. 9);
n.. 3 1 (. 9).
3.4.11. .
=* ∑n+*n. = 16880*163.4+1728.839*142=17043.4+245495.138=262539( /)
∑n 㳿 , , , 1 3 ;
n . 㳿 1 (. 9).
12, , , .
12.
. . | ||||||
1. | 3 | 17133.2 | 2.1 | |||
2. | 400 | 7337.12 | 14.5 | |||
3. | ϳ | 3 | 7029.2 | |||
4. | () | 3 | ||||
5. | 3 | |||||
6. | : - - - - | 1728.839 536.784 711.321 444.577 36.157 | 6.9 2.122 2.812 1.76 0.143 | 3.45 1.061 0.176 0.88 0.0715 | 0.217 0.066 0.011 0.055 0.0045 | |
7. | 0.19 | 0.095 | 0.0059 | |||
8. | 2335.25 | |||||
9. | 3 | 1366.2 | 683.1 | 42.7 | ||
10. | - | 1037.7 | 518.9 | 32.43 |
3.5. .
3.5.1. .
̳ , [3], . 127,
V =*N/0.9 = 1*6/0.9 = 5.4 ()
13, ;
N :
7 10 ;
5 7 ;
0,9 .
[5], . 187,.16.6, , .
3.5.2. .
̳ 3 , , [3], .131.
V =( + )* N =(1+2)*5=15 (3)
, () 13, 3;
N ( , ).
[5], . 180, , .
3.5.3. .
, [3], .157.
. =(/n+ /n+ /n + ()/n ())* N*k = (2.122/1.2+2.812/3.2+1.76/2.1+0.143/3)*22*2 =(1.77+0.88+0.84+0.048)*22*2=174.68 (2)
n , 1 2 :
) -1,2 ;
) -3,2 ;
) -2,1 ;
) -3,0 ;
N (20 25 [5] . 161);
k , :
500 -3,0;
500 -2,0;
ϳ
= 12 18 , , . ϳ
L = / =174.68/18 = 12 ()
, (6 ) 6 , k 䒿 .
3.5.4. .
)
=(*n)/ n = (217*4) *0.08 = 69.44 (2) (42)
n - 4 , [3], . 245;
.12
n , 1 2 , :
0,08 ,
0,22;
2.3.5.5. .
13
)
=* N* k1* k2 /n = 42*12*1.5*1.3/1.2 = 819 (2)
N , 10 14 [5], . 35
n ᒺ 3 1 2 [5], . 355;
:
- 0,5 3,
- 1,0 3,
- 1,8 3,
- 1,0 3,
- 1,2 3;
k1 ,
[5], . 355 - 1,5;
k2 , 볺 :
1,3;
1,5;
1,7;
, , = 18; 24; 2*18; 2*24 .
L= / 819/2*24 = 12 ()
, 12 .
3.5.6. .
.
)
=(* n)/n =(42*12)/0.4 = 1.260 (2)
n [3], . 254, 12 ;
n ᒺ 1 2 [5],. 349 350
:
- 0,4 3,
- 1,03,
- 1,03,
- 0,63;
:
- 3 1,23,
- 3 1,53;
, . . , 2.
3.6. .
3.6.1. .
, , .
V = (*n)/ ρ = (1*3)/1.3=2.3 (3)
1 33.
n [3], . 144 2 3 ;
ρ , /3;
3.6.2. .
V = *n =1*2 = 2 (3)
2 ________ 3 ;
n [3], . 144 1 2 .
3.6.3. ().
V = *n = 2*2 = 4 (3)
2 23 ;
n .
3.7. .
3.7.1. .
.
.
, 3.2.1. ( ).
ϳ .
L = lB*Z+ l1*(Z+1) =5,98*1+0,35*(1+1) =6.68 (), l ≤7 13 (55)
B= b*Z+b1*(Z+1) = 2,98*1+0,35*(1+1) = 3,68 (), b ≤4 (56)
H=Z(h+h1)+h2+h3 = 5*(0,305+0,3)+0,05+0,15 = 3,3 (), h ≤3 (57)
l, b, h , , ;
Z,Z,Z , , ; , lk, bk, hk , 55, 56, 57;
l1, b1 , (0,35 0,4 );
h1 (0,3 );
h2 (0,05 );
h3 - (0,15 ).
ʳ
Z =( . *nn)/ Zn = (42*0,78)/5 = 7
Zn , ;
nn , ;
nn = ((+ /16)+(./24))*1.15 = ((1,9+1,9)/16)+(10,5/24))*1,15 = 0,78 ()
= = (* Zn )/ Z = (0.38*5)/1 = 1.9 , ;
. , [3], . 172-174;
1,15 , 15% .
Z=[Zn +(Zn 1)*Zn ) ]*1.05 = (5+(10 -1)*5)*1,15= 58 ()
Zn ,
Z - ( )
Zn ,
Zn ,
1,05 , 5% , .
3.7.3. .
. ϳ 17 14
k=(1.1*)/960 = (1.1*466,962)/960 = 0,535
[5], . 352 0,8, 0,7. . 12.
76, .
14
. 2.4 㳿 | |||
/ | |||
[8], 351 | |||
. 3/ .4 *.5 | |||
/ | |||
[8], 352 | |||
. 7/ .8 .9 | |||
[8], 352 | |||
/ | |||
. 11/.12 | |||
[8], 352 | |||
.6 +.10 +.13 +.14 | |||
.3.2.2 | . | ʳ , | |
.15*.16 |
3.8. ³
.
15 .
15
ʳ | ||||||
- | -3507 | ᒺ | 2,4 336264303100 | |||
-6611.01 | ᒺ | 1,8 140019201430 | ||||
-151 | 74902573680 | |||||
³ | -181 | 85003560700 | ||||
-5 | ||||||
ó | -484 | 7,7 720049801600 | ||||
571/4 |
4. .
4.1. .
, , - , , 쳿 .
.
4.2. .
= = 5.98*1+0,35(1+1)=6.68
, ;
, , ;
, .
, ;
, ;
, .
5(0.305+0.3)+0.05+0.15 = 3.3 (79)
;
;
;
;
.
3
ᒺ , 3;
, :
- :
:
:
' - :
3
' :
3
' :
3
:
:
' :
3
' :
3
' :
3
' - :
3
:
:
:
15
/ | . | |||
3/ | ||||
: | ||||
5.98 | ||||
2,98 | ||||
0.305 | ||||
ᒺ | 1,16 | 3 | ||
158,84 | ||||
ᒺ | 17133,2 | /3 | ||
2.5 | ||||
/ | ||||
0.4235 | /3 | |||
: | ||||
2. | 0.88 | /0 | ||
3. | 4.19 | /0 | ||
- | 0.48 | /0 |
.
.
4.2.1.1. :
;
. ( 14)
4.2.1.2. ³ :
, :
, 3 ;
1 3
q , /
/
;
/
;
;
, .;
, .
Ө=>290, α=0,84+0,0002* Ө=0,84+0,0002*615 = 0.96
/
.