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V.. Fedorov, .V. Yakovlev, S.V. Vasilieva




 

 

 

 

2012

 

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060101.65 , 010707.65
011200

 

 

 
2012

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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

 

FEDERAL STATE BUDGETARY EDUCATIONAL

INSTITUTION OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

TAMBOV STATE UNIVERSITY

named after g.r. dERZHAVIN

 

 

MEDICAL

PHYSICS

Series of Lectures

Permitted by the Editorial-Publishing Board
of TSU named after G.R. Derzhavin as Course Book
for Students Studying the Disciplines
060101.65 Medical Business, 010707.65 Medical Physics
and Direction of Training 011200 Physics

 

 

 
Tambov 2012

  Recommended for Publishing By the Editorial-Publishing Board Of TSU named after G.R. Derzhavin

 

Authors:

V.. Fedorov, .V. Yakovlev, S.V. Vasilieva

 

 

Reviewers:

Doctor of Medicine, Professor E.. Osmanov;

Doctor of Physics and Mathematics, Professor .. Shibkov

 

  Medical Physics: Textbook / Authors: V.. Fedorov, .V. Yakovlev, S.V. Vasilieva; Ministry of Education and Science of RF, FSBEI HPE Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin. Tambov: the Publishing House of TSU named after G.R. Derzhavin, 2012. 122 pp.   The textbook contains the short course on Medical Physics. It is intended for students studying the discipline Medical Business. The textbook will also be useful for students studying the discipline Physics, (profile Medical Physics).    
  Fedorov V.., Yakovlev .V., Vasilieva S.V., Drawing up, 2012 Ó FSBEI HPE Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin, 2012
     

 

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CONTENTS

LECTURE 1. 17

Mechanical properties of tissue. 17

1. Ways of deformation. 17

) tension. 17

b) shear. 18

c) bend. 18

d) torsion. 19

2. Types of deformation. 19

) creep. 20

b) relaxation. 20

c) strength. 20

d) destruction. 20

LECTURE 2. 22

3. Mechanical properties of biological tissues. 22

) osseous tissue. 22

b) derma. 22

c) muscular tissue. 24

d) angienchyma. 24

4. Lames equation. 24

Mechanical vibrations and waves. 25

5. Mechanical vibrations. 25

) self-oscillation. 25

b) oscillatory motion of human body while walking. 26

c) vestibular apparatus. 27

LECTURE 3. 29

6. Mechanical vibrations of heart 29

) ballistocardiography. 29

b) apexcardiography. 29

c) kinetocardiography. 30

d) dynamocardiography. 30

7. Vibrations. 31

8. Mechanotherapy. 32

9. Mechanical waves. 32

) energy characteristics of a wave. 33

10. Doppler effect 34

LECTURE 4. 35

Acoustics. Physics of hearing. 35

11. Acoustics, sound. 35

) acoustics. 35

b) characteristics of sound. 35

12. Psychophysical law (Weber-Fechner law) 38

13. Sound methods of research. 39

) auscultation. 39

b) phonocardiography. 39

c) percussion. 39

d) audiometry. 39

LECTURE 5. 40

14. Physics of hearing. 40

) outer ear 40

b) middle ear 41

c) inner ear 43

15. Binaural effect 44

16. Tympanometry. 45

LECTURE 6. 47

17. Ultrasound. 47

) biophysical effect of ultrasound. 47

b) Ultrasonic-therapy. 48

c) phonophoresis. 48

d) autohemotherapy. 48

 

Circulatory dynamics. 48

18. Liquid viscosity. 48

19. Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids. 49

) laminar flow. 50

b) turbulent flow.. 51

LECTURE 7. 53

20. Poiseuille formula. 53

) liquid resistance. 54

b) rhinomanometry. 55

c) photohemotherapy. 55

21. Physical basis of haemodynamics. 55

) pulse-wave. 56

22. Blood pressure measuring. 57

23. Heart as a pump. 59

LECTURE 8. 61

Electrography. 61

24. Physical basis of electrography. 61

) dipole in equiangular triangle. 61

b) current dipole. 61

c) types of electrography. 62

LECTURE 9. 63

25. Einthoven theory.
Analysis of electrocardiograms. 63

26. Factors influencing on ECG.. 66

27. Assumptions of Einthoven theory. 66

LECTURE 10. 68

Electromagnetic waves and oscillations. 68

28. Electromagnetic oscillations. 68

) alternating electric current 68

b) electropulse. 69

 

 

29. Impulse electrotherapy. 70

) electrosleep therapy. 70

b) transcranial electric analgesia. 70

c) electrostimulation. 70

d) electropuncture. 70

30. Electromagnetic waves. 70

31. Physical prossesses in tissues. 72

under impact of current 72

and electromagnetic fields 72

) galvanisation. 72

b) electrophoresis. 72

LECTURE 11. 73

32. Impact of pulse currents. 73

33. Impact of high-frequency current 74

) diathermy. 74

b) punctual darsonvalization. 74

c) diathermocoagulation. 74

d) electrotomy. 75

34. Effect of alterning magnetic field. 75

) High-frequency therapy. 75

35. Effect of superhigh frequences (SHF) 76

) decimeter-wave therapy. 76

b) microwave (centimeter) therapy. 76

Magnet and electric fields. 76

36. Effect of magnet field. 76

) constant magnetic field. Magnetotherapy. 77

b) pulsed magnet field (pulsing magnetotherapy) 77

c) high-frequency (HF) magnitotherapy. 77

37. Effect of constant electric field. 78

) franklinism.. 78

b) lamp of Chizhevsky (aeroionizer) 78

 

38. Impedance of body tissues. 79

) rheography. 80

LECTURE 12. 81

Physics of vision. 81

39. Physical basis of vision. 81

) structure of an eye. 81

b) accomodation. 83

c) adaptation. 83

d) visual angle. 83

e) resolution limit 83

f) acuity of vision. 83

40. Defects of optical system of an eye. 83

LECTURE 13. 85

Effect of different kinds of radiation. 85

41. Infrared rays. 85

) sun. 85

b) thermography. 86

c) effect of low temperature. 86

d) heliotherapy. 86

42. X-ray radiation. 87

43. Use of X-ray radiation in medicine. 88

) roentgenoscopy. 89

b) roentgenography. 89

c) fluorography. 89

LECTURE 14. 90

44. X-ray computed tomography. 90

45. Radioactivity. 93

LECTURE 15. 96

46. Biophysical effect of ionizing radiation. 96

) radiopharmaceuticals. 96

b) radiodiagnosis. 98

c) radiotherapeutic methods. 98

47. Dosimetry. 99

LECTURE 16. 103

Physical fields of human. 103

48. Proper physical fields of human body. 103

49. Acoustic fields of human. 104

) cochlear acoustic emission. 104

b) acoustic radiation of ultrasonic range. 105

Processes in membranes. 106

50. Physical processes in membranes. 106

) functions of membranes. 106

b) models of membranes. 107

c) physical characteristics of membranes. 108

LECTURE 17. 109

51. Nernst-Planck equation. 109

52. Types of transport across membrane. 110

) passive transport 110

b) active transport 111

53. Bioelectric potentials. 112

) resting potential 113

LECTURE 18. 115

54. Action potential. 115

) propagation of the action potential 117

b) nodes of Ranvier. 121

 


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