TCP/IP : (MAC-), (IP-) (DNS-).
, - - . , 11-0-17-3D-BC-01. - 6 : 3 - , 3 .
- : 00 ; 01 (, ); 02 , 02. MAC- . , , .
IP- . IP- : . IP . IP-. IP-, . IP- , . IP-. IP- (IPv4) , . 190.80.100.10 IP-.
() 1..255 ,
. IP-
D | 1-126 128-191 192-223 224-239 240-247 | --- --- | 2-28 2-27 |
, . , . IP- ; IP- (broadcast) .
127 , IP-, , , ( 127.0.0.1).
IP , . IPv6. IPv6- 16 , , 2001:0 da8: 65b4: 05d3: 1315:7 C1F: 0461:7847. IPv6, IP-, IP- , MAC-. IPv6 , , - IPSec . IPv6 , :
|
|
http:// [2001:0 da8: 65b4: 05d3: 1315:7 C1F: 0461:7847]: 8081 /
(DNS-) , , , , . 4 , 64 , 255 . mmf.bsu.by mmf (), .
DNS : ; , .. IP- . .
. . . :
by, ru, uk .. - (, , ).
, , (com, edu, gov, org,
net).
. .
. , microsoft.com, eng.microsoft.com. . , , Internet .
DNS . TCP/IP , . - IP-, TCP/IP , .
, IP- . , .
.
URL (Uniform Resource Locator, ) - . :
:// /
:
ftp://gopher://http://mailto://news:// telnet://
URL . , . . , . , URL. URL :
|
|
http://www.klyaksa.net/index.php @.net
ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/dirmap.txt dirmap.txt ftp - Microsoft
, : IP(12.105.58.9), DNS (..), E - mail (@email-), URL ( ://DNS )
(Port)
. , 4. , . 2 , ":". BSU.by:80. 3 ( RFC 1700):
) Assigned port . 0 1023
) Registered port 1024 49151
) Dynamic port 1024 65535
, ) ). RFC 1700 . , RFC.