6
.
: : , ; ,
: , , 0,5, -, 2 , , , , , .
, , ( ) ( ), , , . ճ ( ) ( 1 ). . , , , , .
, . . . . , .
- () , , - , .
, . , , . , , . 200-250 50 400 . , .
( ). .
, , . . . , . ( ) . , , .
|
|
, , . . , , . ϳ . . ϳ . . .
:
ü ;
ü ;
ü ;
ü ;
ü .
, , .
:
1. .
2. - (.12.). ().
3. : , , .
4. , . . , , .
5. (. 70):
6. (. .12, .70).
7. .
α32-22 = 132˚22′,4
. 32, 31
10187,0 | 10200,0 | |
10050,0 | 10350,0 |
. 70. .
. | -. | . | . , T | , r | . - | ||||||||||
Δx | Δy | Δx | Δy | X | Y | ||||||||||
57˚ 28,′8 | + 0,5′ | 57˚ 29,′3 | 10187,00 | 10200,00 | |||||||||||
132 24,4 | 47˚ 35,′6 | 203,15 | -137,00 | 150,00 | -137,00 | 150,00 | |||||||||
145˚ 42,′4 | + 0,5′ | 145˚ 42,′9 | 10050,0 | 10350,0 | |||||||||||
166 41,5 | 13˚ 18,′5 | 176,78 | -172,03 | 0,01 | 40,69 | -0,01 | -172,02 | 40,68 | |||||||
157˚ 50,′0 | + 0,5′ | 157˚ 50,′5 | 9877,98 | 10390,68 | |||||||||||
188 51,0 | 8˚ 51,′0 | 103,08 | -101,85 | 0,01 | -15,85 | -101,84 | -15,85 | ||||||||
82˚ 59,′9 | + 0,5′ | 82˚ 60,′4 | 9776,14 | 10374,83 | |||||||||||
285 50,6 | 105˚ 50,′6 | 174,10 | 47,53 | 0,01 | -167,48 | 47,54 | -167,48 | ||||||||
119˚ 9,′1 | + 0,5′ | 119˚ 9,′6 | 9823,68 | 10207,35 | |||||||||||
346 41,0 | 13˚ 19,′0 | 176,78 | 172,02 | 0,01 | -40,71 | 172,03 | -40,71 | ||||||||
156˚ 46,′8 | + 0,5′ | 156˚ 47,′3 | 9995,71 | 10166,64 | |||||||||||
9 53,7 | 9˚ 53,′7 | 194,18 | 191,29 | 33,36 | 191,29 | 33,36 | |||||||||
10187,00 | 10200,00 | ||||||||||||||
12
|
|
³
= 180˚(n-2)
β =
= 1,5t
= 180˚-
Δx=dCos(T)
+Δx | -Δx | -Δx | +Δx |
+Δy | +Δy | -Δy | -Δy |
Δ=dSin (T)
=0
= =
= ≤
1) () ³ 2. 1 . , 6 (32, 22, 21, 11, 45, 46). , (. . 70), : () = 360˚ - β, β .
ϳ :
1) 360˚ - 302˚ 31,′2 = 57˚ 28,′8;
2) 360˚ - 214˚ 17,′6 = 145˚ 42,′4;
3) 360˚ - 202˚ 10,′0 = 157˚ 50,′0;
4) 360˚ - 277˚ 0,′1 = 82˚ 59,′9;
5) 360˚ - 240˚ 50,′9 = 119˚ 9,′1;
6) 360˚ - 203˚ 13,′2 = 156˚ 46,′8.
2- 䳿 145˚ 42,′24″. ֳ 24″ , 24: 4 = 0,4′ (. 71). , 2.
. 71. ij ,
2) .
= 57˚ 28,′8 + 145˚ 42,′4+ 157˚ 50,′0 + 82˚ 59,′9 + 119˚ 9,′1 + 156˚ 46,′8 = 719˚ 57,′0
3) . ():
= 180˚(n - 2),
, n .
6 :
|
|
= 180˚(6 - 2) = 720˚
4) , , :
= ,
, .
=719˚ 57,′0 720˚ = 3′
:
1) , , , +, .
2) , , . 3.
, , , :
3′: 6 = + 0,5′
+
:
57˚ 28,′8 + 0,5′ = 57˚ 29,′3, 57˚ 28,′8 + ( 0,5′) = 57˚ 28,′3,
5) :
= 1,5t′ ,
, t′ - .
n .
= 1,51′ = 7′,2
, , , .
4 . .
6) , :
= 180˚ -
- ;
- ;
n .
= 132˚22′,4. 5.
, ( 4):
1) = 132˚24′,4 + 180˚ 145˚ 42,′9 = 166˚41,′5;
2) = 166˚41,′5 + 180˚ 157˚ 50,′5 = 188˚51, ′0;
3) = 188˚51, ′0 + 180˚ 82˚ 60,′4 = 285˚50, ′6;
4) = 285˚50, ′6 + 180˚ 119˚ 9,′6 = 346˚41, ′0;
5) = 346˚41,′0 + 180˚ 156˚ 47,′3 = 9˚53,′7;
6) = 9˚53,′7 + 180˚ 57˚ 29,′3 = 132˚24,′4.
180˚ .
7) ³ . 6 (203,15 , 176,78, 103,08 , 174,10 , 176,78 , 194,18 ) P = 1028,07.
(. 72.).
1 0˚ 90˚, r1 = α1, r
2 90˚ 180˚, r2 =180˚ - α2
3 180˚ 270˚, r3 = α3 - 180˚
4 270˚ 360˚, r4 =360˚ - α4
. 72.
. 72 5 T .
132˚24′,4 , , :
1) 180˚ - 132˚24′,4 = 47˚ 35′,6 ( );
2) 180˚ - 166˚41,′5 = 13 ˚ 18, ′ 5;
3) 188˚51, ′0 - 180˚ = 8 ˚ 51, ′ 0;
4) 360˚ - 285˚50, ′6 = 105 ˚ 50, ′ 6;
5) 360˚ - 346˚41,′0 = 13 ˚ 19, ′ 0;
6) 9˚53,′7 = 9 ˚ 53, ′ 7.
9) Δx Δy :
|
|
Δx=dCos(r)
Δx=dSin (r),
d .
Cos(r), Sin (r) = .
䳿:
Δx = 203,15 * (cos47˚ 35′,6) = 203,15 * 0,73 = -137,00
cos 6 5 (. 74, 75). .
D degrees (. ), (. 73).
D R (radian) G (gradient) Mode D (degrees).
. 73.
(. 74):
1)203,15 * (cos132˚24′,4) = 203,15 * 0,73 = -137,00
2) 176,78 * (cos166˚41,′5) = -172,03
3) 103,08 * (cos188˚51, ′0) = -101,85
4) 174,10 * (cos285˚50, ′6) = 47,53
5) 176,78 * (cos346˚41,′0) = 172,02
6) 194,18 * (cos9˚53,′7) = 191,29
. 74. ij
. 75. ij
䳿 8 10.
. 4 ij
47˚ 35′,6 3 (. 3).
3
+Δx | -Δx | -Δx | +Δx |
+Δy | +Δy | -Δy | -Δy |
10) .
8 + , :
+410,88 = 410,84
䳿 10.
䒺:
410,84 410,88 = -0,04.
d . ҳ 䳿 11.
12 13.
11) :
= 0
= 0
Δx: 410,86 - 410,86 = 0,00
Δy: 224,04 - 224,04 = 0,00
Δx Δy, ( ). () :
= = , = ≤ , , P ( )
- Δx
- Δy
Δx = - 0,04, Δy = +0,01. ϳ :
= = = 0,04
= = ~
= ≤
12) :
X = X-1 Δx
Y = Y-1 Δy
X Y 14 15.
:
X = 10187,0 Y = 10200,0
X = 10050,0 Y = 10350,0
:
1) 10187,00 + (-137,00) = 10050,0
2) 10050,0 + (-172,03) = 9877,98
3) 9877,98 + (-101,85) = 9776,14
4) 9776,14 + 47,53 = 9823,68
5) 9823,68 + 10187,00 = 9995,71
6) 9995,71 + 191,29 = 10187,00
, . .
ҳ 䳿 Y.
˳:
1. .. . .: , 1980.
2. .. . .: ,1973. 144.
3. .., ., .. . .: ,1966. 415 .
4. . . 2393-94. .: , 1994.- 64.
5. .. ..1. .: , 1967.
6. . ., .., .. - . .: -, 1957. 182.
7. .., .., .., .. . .: , 1970. 444.
8. 10529-63.. . .
9. .. . .: ,1971. 174.
10. .., .., .., .. . 3- . . 1. .: - . ., 1958. 512 .
11. .., .. : ϳ. .: , 2000. 327.
12. / .. , .. , .. , .. : . . 2- ., . . .: , 1983. 456.
|
|
13. / . . .. , 1983.
14. . . . .,1962. . 9 13.
15. / . . . , . . . .: , 1975.
˲
6
.
: : , ; ,
: , , 0,5, -, 2, , , , , .
, , ( ) ( ), , , . ճ ( ) ( 1 ). .
, . . . . , .
- () , , - , .
, . , , . , , . 200-250 50 400 . , .
( ). .
, , . . . , . ( ) . , , .
, , . . , , . ϳ . . ϳ . . .
:
ü ;
ü ;
ü ;
ü ;
ü .
, , .
:
8. .
9. - , . .
10. : , , .
11. , . . , , .
12. .
13. (. .12, .70).
. 32
10187,0 | 10200,0 |
α 32-22 = 132˚22′,4
. 70. .
1) ³ 2. 1 . 6 (32, 22, 21, 11, 45, 46).
, ( 1), :
= 360˚ - β,
β .
ϳ :
7) 360˚ - 302˚ 31,′2 = 57˚ 28,′8
8) 360˚ - 214˚ 17,′6 = 145˚ 42,′4
9) 360˚ - 202˚ 10,′0 = 157˚ 50,′0
10) 360˚ - 277˚ 0,′1 = 82˚ 59,′9
11) 360˚ - 240˚ 50,′9 = 119˚ 9,′1
12) 360˚ - 203˚ 13,′2 = 156˚ 46,′8
2- 䳿 145˚ 42′24″. 24″ , 24: 6 = 0,4′. , 2.
. 2. ij , .
2) .
= 57˚ 28,′8 + 145˚ 42,′4+ 157˚ 50,′0 + 82˚ 59,′9 + 119˚ 9,′1 + 156˚ 46,′8 = 719˚ 57,′0
3) . ():
= 180˚(n - 2),
, n .
6 :
= 180˚(6 - 2) = 720˚
4) , , :
= ,
.
= 719˚ 57,′0 720˚ = 3′
:
3) , , , +, .
4) . , , .
3.
, , , :
3′: 6 = + 0,5′
+
:
57˚ 28,′8 + 0,5′ = 57˚ 29,′3,
5)
= 1,5t′ ,
, t′ - .
n .
= 1,51′ = 7, ′2
, , , .
4 . .
6) , :
= 180˚ ,
- ;
- ;
n .
= 132˚22′,4. 5.
, ( 4). ³ , :
- ;
- .
:
7) = 132˚22′,4 - 180˚ + 145˚ 42,′9 = 98˚05,′3
8) = 166˚41,′5 - 180˚ + 157˚ 50,′5 = 75˚55,′8
9) = 188˚51, ′0 - 180˚ + 82˚ 60,′4 = 338˚56,′2
10) = 285˚50, ′6 - 180˚ + 119˚ 9,′6 = 278˚05,′8
11) = 346˚41,′0 - 180˚ + 156˚ 47,′3 = 254˚53,′1
12) = 9˚53,′7 - 180˚ + 57˚ 29,′3 = 132˚22,′4
180˚ .
7) ³ . 6 (203,15 , 176,78, 103,08 , 174,10 , 176,78 , 194,18 ) P = 1028,07.
1 0˚ 90˚ r1 = α1, r
2 90˚ 180˚ r2 =180˚ - α2
3 180˚ 270˚ r3 = α3 - 180˚
4 270˚ 360˚ r4 =360˚ - α4
. 2
47˚ 35′,6 .
+Δx | -Δx | -Δx | +Δx |
+Δy | +Δy | -Δy | -Δy |
. 2 5 α .
132˚22′,4 > 90˚, , , :
180˚ - 132˚22′,4 = 47˚ 37′,6
( . 1)
98˚05,′3 = 98 ˚ 05, ′ 3
75˚55, ′8 - 180˚ = 75 ˚ 55, ′ 8
360˚- 338˚56, ′2 = 22 ˚ 03, ′ 8
360˚ - 278˚05,′8 = 81 ˚ 54, ′ 5
254˚53,′1-180˚ = 74 ˚ 53, ′ 1
9) Δx Δy :
Δx=dCos(α)
Δx=dSin (α),
d
Cos(α), Sin (α) = .
䳿:
Δx = 203,15 * cos 47˚ 35′,6 = 203,15 *(- 0,674) = -136,92
cos 5.
D degrees (. - ).
D R (radian) G (gradient) Mode degrees.
. 2.
1) ΔX22 = 203,15 * cos 132˚ 22′,4 = -136,92
2) ΔX21 = 176,78 * cos 98˚05,′3 = -24,87
3)Δ X11 = 103,08 * cos 75˚55, ′8 = 25,06
4) ΔX45 = 174,10 * cos 338˚56, ′2 = 162,47
5) ΔX46 = 176,78 * cos 278˚405,′8 = 24,9
6) ΔX32 = 194,18 * cos 254˚53,′6 = -50,63
. 3 ij
䳿 8 10 .
. 4 ij
10) .
8 + Δx:
= (-136,92) + (-24,87) + 25,06 + 162,47 + 24,9 + (-50,63) = +0,01
䳿 10.
Δy:
= 150,08 + 175,02 + 100 + (-62,57) + (-175,02) + (-187,46) = +0,05.
:
= 0
= 0
Δx: (-136,92) + (-24,87) + 25,05 + 162,47 + 24,9 + (-50,63)= 0,00
Δy: 150,08 + 175,01 + 99,99 + (-62,58) + (-175,03) + (-187,47) = 0,00
, ( ). ³ d ( . 1). ҳ 䳿 11.
12 13 .
() :
= , = ≤
P ( )
= 0,01, = +0,05. ϳ:
= = = 0,05
= = ~
= ≤
11) :
X = X-1 + Δx
Y = Y-1 + Δy
X Y 14 15.
:
X32 = 10187,00 Y32 = 10200,00
:
1) X22 = 10187,00 + (-136,92) = 10050,08
2) X21 = 10050,08 + (-24,87) = 10025,21
3) X11 = 10025,21 + 25,05 = 10050,26
4) X45 = 10050,26 + 162,47 = 10212,73
5) X46 = 10212,73 + 24,9 = 10237,63
6) X32 = 10237,63 + (-50,63) = 10187,00
, . .
ҳ 䳿 Y.
. | -. | . | . , α | , r | . | ||||||||||
Δx | Δy | Δx | Δy | X | Y | ||||||||||
10187,00 | 10200,00 | ||||||||||||||
132˚ 24,′4 | 47˚ 35,′6 | 203,15 | -136,92 | 150,08 | -136,92 | 150,08 | |||||||||
145˚ 42,′4 | + 0,5′ | 145˚ 42,′9 | 10050,08 | 10350,08 | |||||||||||
98 ˚05,′3 | 98˚ 05,′3 | 176,78 | -24,87 | 172,02 | -0,01 | -24,87 | 175,01 | ||||||||
157˚ 50,′0 | + 0,5′ | 157˚ 50,′5 | 10025,21 | 10525,09 | |||||||||||
75˚ 55,′8 | 75˚ 55,′8 | 103,08 | 25,06 | -0,01 | -0,01 | 25,05 | 99,99 | ||||||||
82˚ 59,′9 | + 0,5′ | 82˚ 60,′4 | 10050,26 | 10625,08 | |||||||||||
338˚ 56,′2 | 21˚ 03,′8 | 174,10 | 167,47 | -62,57 | -0,01 | 162,47 | -62,58 | ||||||||
119˚ 9,′1 | + 0,5′ | 119˚ 9,′6 | 10212,73 | 10562,50 | |||||||||||
278˚ 05,′8 | 81˚ 54,′5 | 176,78 | 24,9 | -175,02 | -0,01 | 24,9 | -175,03 | ||||||||
156˚ 46,′8 | + 0,5′ | 156˚ 47,′3 | 10237,63 | 10387,47 | |||||||||||
254˚ 53,′1 | 74˚ 53,′1 | 194,18 | -50,63 | -187,46 | -0,01 | -50,63 | -187,47 | ||||||||
57˚ 28,′8 | + 0,5′ | 57˚ 29,′3 | 10187,00 | 10200,00 | |||||||||||
132˚ 24,′4 | 47˚ 35,′6 | ||||||||||||||
12