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"" fail-safe concept [6]. fool-proof concept. , [4-6] (availability).
"" (. 1.2)
. , .
, (. 6.8-6.14) , - () ().
"" (. 1.3)
, , , , " , .
"" (. l.4)
"" . " " , , "" (maintainability). "", . . , "" , . "", " " (maintenance support, supportability) - , .
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, , , . . () . .
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-. , , . , , . , , . , () . , , . . () . , () , , , , . , .
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, .
, , . , - () () .
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. - .
, [5, 6] . , " " (operating state) " (non-Operating state), . " " , (standby state) (idle, free state). , "" (internal disabled state), (), (external disabled state), . , .
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, . , , (critical) (non-critical). (major) (miner) . .
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"" - , , , ( , . .). (, ) .
[5, 6] , : (required time), (non-required time), (idle time) . .
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(), () . k - (k +l)-o , k =1, 2 .
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() () . , , . . [9].
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.
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- (. 6.21).
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(1)
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v, (1)
, (2)
v * v **- ( , , ).
, [8].
(t) F(t) f(t) :
. (3)
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. (4)
0 t :
, (5)
N - , ;
(t) - , 0 t.
N [2, 3, 7].
(1) (2) , . () , . ( ).
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t g
, (6)
F(t) - (, ).
, - t g
P(t)- .
(6), - . , , , 90; 95; 99; 99,5/ . . [0; t ] 0,10; 0,05; 0,01; 0,005 . . g 100%, . , , , - g, g=50%, .
- , . , () .
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1
,
F (t) - ,
f (t) - .
(3) 1 :
.
. (7)
N - t =0,
t j - .
(7) , [2, 3, 7].
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, ,
. (8)
t - , r (t) - , , M{r(t)} - . t. t .
, (8)
. (9)
(8) r(f) - , t.
(9) , , , . - , (9) t r(t) [3].
" " " " (. 6.12; 6.22)
l (t)
. (10)
(t)1, .
, (11)
, (5).
.
" " " " (. 6.13; 6.14)
m(t)
, (12)
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r (t+t) -r (t) D t.
. (13)
(12) [ t 1, t 2], t 1£ t 1£ t 2. , , (12) (13) t .
m(t)
, (14)
(13).
.
- (8) .
, . " " failure intensity, " " (. 6.12) failure rate. , .
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.
" ", " ", " ", " " (. 6.26; 6.27; 6.28; 6.29)
. , , . , [3, 5, 6].
. . () - () () .
"" (. 7.1)
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, , , (, . .), , . , ; , , () [10, 11].
, .
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( , ) () ().
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, , , , , , . - , () . , [1].
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[2, 3, 7, 10]. (. . ) (. . ). . () .