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53. SQL

SQL

CREATE TABLE

INSERT

DELETE

UPDATE

SELECT

CREATE VIEW *

GRANT

REVOKE

"

COMMIT

ROLLBACK

SQL

DECLARE *

OPEN

FETCH

CLOSE

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54. SQL. SQL

SQL

R() RR()

INTEGER INT

SMALLINT

NUMERIC(, ) DECIMAL(, ) D(, )

FLOAT ()

REAL

DOUBLE PRECISION

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CREATE TABLE ( INT, CHAR(15), INT, CHAR(3))

DROP TABLE

ALTER TABLE ( CHAR(10))

CREATE VIEW 1 AS SELECT *FROM WHERE = "-1"

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INSERT INTO VALUES (980101, " . .", 1980, "")

DELETE FROM WHERE =980201

UPDATE SET = " . ." WHERE =980201

SELECT.

SELECT * FROM WHERE =" . ." OR =" . ."

 





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