Internet . . , . Internet .
Internet . , , , , , . Internet , , . , .
Internet, :
- , , ;
- , TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol), Internet- Internet.
Internet ARPAnet - . 1960- (Advanced Research Project Agency - ARPA) . , , .
- , . , , "" . . , "" " ". (E-mail) (File- oriented Interchange).
(Local Area Network - LAN) UNIX, , , . . OC UNIX , IP-, :
- ;
- ( ) IP;
- IP- (, , , , . .).
, . "", , . IP- , , .
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1989 - (Tim Berners-Lee, Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire - CERN, ) " ", " " (World Wide Web - WWW). - IP- (Hypertext Technology). (Dedicated Links), . , , , .
Web- - " " . 1965 , 1968 .
1991 (Browser) - , - . 1992 , " " (Seamless Informational Area), .
, " " (-), . , "" . "" , , . Web- .
1994 - (Oliver McBryan) () WWW, WWW- Worm. Worm 300000 , . , World Wide Web (. 4.1). , , , Web-, Web-. 90- .
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. 4.1. WWW
WWW [ .. INTRANET -. . : - , 1998, 233 .]:
- (Hyper Text Markup Language - HTML);
- (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol - HTTP);
- (Universal Resource Identifier - URI, Universal Resource Locator - URL);
- (Domain Name System - DNS);
- (Common Gateway Interface - CGI), (National Center for Supercomputing Applications - NCSA).
- (eXtensible Markup Language - XML), .
HTML TeX - - (Standard Generalized Markup Language - SGML, ISO 8879). ASCII- , . , , , . , HTML , .
XML . XML , Internet, , . , XML, , , , . XML (Name Space).
Internet , , . - WWW , Internet ( ) ( HTTP FTP). (Universal Resource Identifier - URI). URI . URI , . URI WWW (Universal Resource Locator - URL). URL - <://// />.
Internet ( ) , . Internet , :
- (E-mail);
- (WWW);
- (File Transfer Protocol - FTP);
- (Teletype Network - Telnet);
- (Domain Name System);
- (Users Network - Usenet) - ( Relay Chat - IRC).
Web : - Web , . :
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- ();
- ( );
- Internet Web-, ;
- ;
- (Web-);
- ;
- .
Internet- :
- ;
- ;
- (, , );
- ;
- .
HTML- WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get). , , . , "" . , .
. . , , .
, . Helper-.
VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language). , , . Web- VRML - , : WebSpace Silicon Graphics VRML - Internet Explorer Netscape Navigator.
( VBScript JavaScript) ( Java), . . (Visual Basic, C/C++, Java), (UNIX-shell, REXX .) JavaScript, VBScript Perl. , ActiveX Plug -in, .
, , Web- , Web-, , , .
Internet- : Firewall Proxy -, .
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Internet " ", Web- Web- . HTML Web-. (Computer Graphical Interface - CGI).
Internet (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions - MIME). , Web- http, FTP, File, Gopher, Mailto, NNTP, Telnet, WAIS (. 4.2).
URL , , .
Intranet - , LAN (Local Area Network), WAN (Wide Area Network), / ) Internet.
. 4.2. Internet
Intranet , , . , -, Internet. Intranet -, Microsoft. , Microsoft Office .
Intranet Microsoft . (W. Gates): " . Microsoft Intranet , , Intranet . , , , ".
, Intranet - . Web- . Web- - . . Web . HTML- Web-.
, , , (Linux, Windows, Solaris, BSD .) Internet , . , Internet-, . "" - e-Business, " ". Internet , , . , Internet- 2010 12 .
Yandex , Internet . Yandex, " " (), TNS, RU-Center " ".
, Internet 25% , 29 , 6 - -.
Internet . , Internet 2,5 , - - 1,5 . - . 16 , - 6 .
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, Internet - () - 17% . (6% 5% ). , 2 .
Internet - ( -). Internet 31%, 9% , . - 28%. , . 14 . . 70% .
Internet- ( -) , . , .
-. . - , , , . .
. TNS, Internet 40% 100 . , Internet 20%.
Yandex, 2007 66%. .RU 1000 , 62% . , . , , ( - 57%).
Internet , . .
- Web-, Internet. , , Ftp-, Internet-, Usenet.
, RSS, - XML-, , , . . : Rich Site Summary ( RSS 0.9x) - ; RDF Site Summary (RSS 0.9 1.0) - ; Really Simple Syndication (RSS 2.x) - . , XML RSS -, , - .
, , . , , . . - Internet.
"Wandex" - , (Matthew Gray) 1993 . 1993 Aliweb, . (. . " Crawler -based" - ) "WebCrawler", 1994 . Web- - . , , . 1994 Lycos, ().
, Excite, Infoseek, Inktomi, Northern Light AltaVista. -, Yahoo!. , . 1996 Internet AltaVista Rambler Aport. 23 1997 Yandex.
, Archie FTP- Veronica Gopher.
: Internet AltaVista, Excite, Google, HotBot, Infoseek (Go)Light, Lycos, Magellan, Norbern, Yahoo!, Open Text, Web Crawler, , " ", " ", "--", Rambler, List.ru, Russia on the Net, FTP-Search, Yandex.
Net Applications, 2007 Google 77,04%, Yahoo - 12,46%, MSN - 3,33%, Microsoft Live Search - 2,57%, AOL - 2,12%, Ask - 1,38%, AltaVista - 0,13%, Excite - 0,07%, Lycos - 0,02%, All the Web - 0,02%.
Internet ():
- : Google (18% ), Yahoo! (1% ) : Overture, Inktomi, AltaVista, Alltheweb FAST-Engine, MSN (2% , "Microsoft");
- : Aport (1% ), Rambler (18% ), Yandex (47% ), Mail.ru (7% ), Webalta, Qwika, Gogo.ru, Turtle, Punto, Nigma, Darodar - , VisualWorld, - .
- , , . "" , , , , , , .
, MetaCrawler. com Nigma.ru, "" ( : , , , , , . .).