.
, , , :
();
();
().
:
();
();
().
, , , , , , , , , , [1-4].
, " ", , , .
, , [3, 4].
. . , . :
- ;
- , , , ;
- , , ;
- , , , , , ;
- ;
- , .
60-70 XX .
[3]:
1) , ;
2) (, , );
3) ( , , );
4) ( , , , );
5) ;
6) ;
7) ;
8) ;
9) ;
10) ;
11) .
, .
. , () . , , , . . .
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. , , . . , . , .
. , . , .
:
1. ;
2. ;
3. , .
, . , , 2 % , 7 . . . 50 . . 25 . ., 8 . . 17 . . , 0,5 . /. 6 2 . 1/3 , . , , .
() 2 . . . 100 5 , 2 / . 20 10 .
, 8 . . , 40 % 60 % , -, .
. (5-15 %) , -, , . , , 20-25 . . . , .
. .
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. . . . , .
, .
() , :
(V, (3));
(V, /);
(V, /);
(, , , , , ), /.
(V , 3/; V , 3/) (V , 3/; V , 3/) :
V = V * τ, (1)
V = V * τ, (2)
V = V * τ, (3)
V = V * τ, (4)
τ (τ = 24 * 30 = 720 ),
τ - (τ = 365 * 24 = 8760 ).
(G , G , G , G , G , G , /) (G , G , G , G , G , G , /), :
G = * V , (5)
G = * V , (6)
G = * V , (7)
G = * V , (8)
G = * V , (9)
G = * V , (10)
G = * V , (11)
G = * V , (12)
G = * V , (13)
G = * V, (14)
G = * V, (15)
G = * V , (16)
( , , , , , , /) ( , , , , , , /) :
= G / V, (17)
= G / V, (18)
= G / V, (19)
= G / V, (20)
= G / V, (21)
= G / V, (22)
= G / V, (23)
= G / V, (24)
= G / V, (25)
= G / V, (26)
= G / V, (27)
= G / V, (28)
- ( ) :
♎ (29)
♎ (30)
♎ (31)
.
> - , .
♎ (32)
♎ (33)
♎ (34)
- .
> - , .
- ( ) :
|
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♎ (35)
♎ (36)
♎ (37)
- .
> - , .
♎ (38)
♎ (39)
♎ (40)
- .
> - , .
[2, 3] :
φ = ∑( /i) = ( /C)+( /C)+( /C) (41)
φ = ∑( /i) = ( /C)+( /C)+( /C) (42)
φ , 
1 , .
φ , > 1 - .
φ = ∑( /i) = ( /C)+( /C)+( /C) (43)
φ = ∑( /i) = ( /C)+( /C)+( /C) (44)
φ , 1 , .
φ , > 1 - .
Z= 1/ Z, (45)
Z, .
Z= 1/ Z, (46)
Z, .
,
φ , < 1 , .
:
= 1 / φ , . (47)
:
= * 365 + 5%, ( * 365) (48)
.
