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1. Higher Education in the United States
In the USA there is no consistent distinction between the terms college and university. The general tendency, however, is to call a college a higher educational institution offering courses of instruction leading to the Bachelors degree; a university is a college or a group of colleges or departments offering courses of institution leading not only to the Bachelors degree but also to the Masters and the Doctoral degrees. There are two types of universities and colleges in the United States -private and public (state). High quality institutions are found equally among public and private universities. The principal difference is funding.
Admission to colleges and universities is based on several criteria, including the results of the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). It is an examination in school subjects that high school students must take before they can go to college or university. SAT results tell only the part of the story. Most schools will also ask for personal information; a transcript of high school grades; a Standardized Freshman Application Form; teachers recommendations; essays in various topics.
A Bachelors degree program lasts four years. A freshman is a first-year student, a sophomore a second-year student, a junior a third-year student, and a senior a forth-year student. A student working toward a Bachelors degree (BA or BS) is called an undergraduate; one working toward a Masters (MA or MS) or Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD) is called a graduate student. Some students receive scholarships that pay all or part of their tuition. A person on such a fellowship is called a university fellow.
The first two years are mainly devoted to general education. The program includes broad survey courses for general knowledge from which the student can go on to a specialized interest in the junior year. This interest is usually termed a major or a field of concentration. A second field of interest, in which one takes almost as many courses, is often called a minor.
The American academic year usually runs from the middle of August to the beginning of May or June. Most schools divide the academic year into 3 terms or 2 semesters (Fall and Spring semesters). Achievement is measured by grades which are given on papers and tests during the course of the semester and a final examination at the end of the term. The final grade is based on all the work done for the course. A grade point average (GPA) is determined at the end of a term to show the students overall achievement. College grades, determined by each instructor on the basis of class work and examinations, are usually on a four-point scale, with letters to indicate the level of achievement. A is the highest mark, followed by B, C, D, F, the last one denotes a failure.
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Higher education institutions are governed usually by a board of regents or a board of trustees.
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The first two years are mainly devoted to _____________.
A college is a higher educational institution offering courses of instruction leading to _____degree.
A university is a college or a group of colleges offering courses of institution leading _________degrees.
A student working toward a Bachelors degree is called ______________.
A student working toward a Masters or Doctor of Philosophy degree is called ___________.
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There are two types of universities and colleges in the United States -private and public (state). The principal difference is funding.
Admission to colleges and universities is based on several criteria, including the results of the Scholastic Aptitude Test.
Most schools require the results of the Scholastic Aptitude Test, personal information; a transcript of high school grades; a Standardized Freshman Application Form; teachers recommendations; essays in various topics.
Some students receive scholarships that pay all or part of their tuition.
Students achievement is measured by grades which are given on papers and tests during the course of the semester and a final examination at the end of the term.
