: IEEE802.
, , . , . , .
, . , , , . IPX/SPX Novell, TCP/IP, Internet UNIX, OSI , DECnet Digital Equipment .
:
- ;
- ;
- .
: , , . .
- DDP (Datagram Delivery Protocol ). Apple, Apple Talk.
- IP (Internet Protocol Internet). TCP/IP, .
- IPX (Internetwork Packet eXchange ) NWLink. Novel NetWare, .
- NetBEUI (NetBIOS Extended User Interface ). IBM Microsoft, NetBIOS.
. .
- ATP (Apple Talk Protocol Apple Talk) NBP (Name Binding Protocol ). Apple Talk.
- NetBIOS ( ). NetBIOS , NetBEUI .
- SPX (Sequenced Packet eXchange ) NWLink. Novel NetWare, .
- TCP (Transmission Control Protocol ). TCP/IP, .
. .
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|
- AFP (Apple Talk File Protocol Apple Talk). Macintosh.
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol ). TCP/IP, .
- NCP (NetWare Core Protocol NetWare). Novel NetWare.
- SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol ). TCP/IP, .
- HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) .
OSI
OSI OSI .3.1. OSI , . GOSIP. OSI OSI
. 0.3 OSI
OSI Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, LLC, X.25 ISDN.
, , .
OSI , . , , . 5 , 0 4, .
, , . ( .500), (.400), (VT), , (FTAM), (JTM). ISO .
8-9. TCP/IP
, TCP/IP, . TCP/IP OSI (Open Systems Interconnection ) , , Unix, Windows, Macintosh .
. 0.4 OSI TCP/IP
TCP/IP Microsoft [1] , . 3.2. TCP/IP , . :
- TCP/IP , OSI;
- TCP/IP OSI;
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|
- TCP/IP , OSI;
- TCP/IP OSI.
TCP/IP . TCP/IP (API Application Programming Interface):
- Windows;
- NetBIOS.
Windows, WinSock, , TCP/IP .
NetBIOS (IPC Interposes Communications) Windows. NetBIOS :
- NetBIOS;
- NetBIOS;
- NetBIOS.
3.1 TCP/IP.
0.1
WinSock | |
NetBIOS | Windows |
TDI | (Transport Driver Interface) . |
TCP | (Transmission Control Protocol) |
UDP | (User Datagram Protocol) |
ARP | (Address Resolution Protocol) |
RARP | (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol) |
IP | Internet(Internet Protocol) |
ICMP | Internet (Internet Control Message Protocol) |
IGMP | (Internet Group Management Protocol), |
NDIS | |
FTP | (File Transfer Protocol) |
TFTP | (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) |
TCP/IP . :
- 4
- ;
- .
:
- TCP (Transmission Control Protocol );
- UDP (User Datagram Protocol ).
TCP , , . , , UDP, .