() - , , . :
- : ;
- : .
Ethernet ( .Ether - + Net ) - . Ethernet . Ethernet . Ethernet - () , 10 100 /.
- , . .
(Enterprise network) - , . .
- - , .
; ; (Network adapter; Network card; LAN adapter) - , . .
- , TCP/IP, IPX/SPX ..
IEEE - 802.1 - 802.12:
- 802 (IEEE);
- (ISO).
- . . " " " ".
(Local-area network management) - . ().
(Gateway) - - :
- OSI;
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- , .
- WAP. GPRS CSD.
- , .
(Radio network) - , , . .
(Cellular packet radio network) - , . : , , , .
(Authorization) - - . .
- . ( ).
- - , .
- , . .
- - . , .
- , .
- X.25, X.75 , .
- , .
- , .
- , , .
(Application layer) - OSI, (-) (-).
:
- , ;
- , , .
- OSI .
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(Layer) - OSI - , . , . OSI :
(Protocol stack) - , , . .
ISDN (ISDN reference model) - ISDN .
- (, , ..) . :
- , ;
- , .
(Node) - , , . , . :
- , ;
- , ;
- , , .
Router - , , . : - OSI; . : , ; , .
(Gateway Address) - , IP- .
(Communications server) - , .
(Routing protocol) ; .
.
(Relay system) - , , , / , . , , .
(Routinf table) - , IP- .
IP- (Internet Protocol address (IP address)) - , 4 . , , - . IP- 0 255, .
(Subnet address) - , IP- .
(Network address) - IP-.
(Gateway Address) - , IP- .
(Address mask) - , , IP- .
(Logical network address) - , , . : ; .
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(Network layer) - OSI , - -, .
.
- , . , . . : , , .
(Communications protocol) - , , , .
- , , . .
(Packet) - , . - . Internet , (). , X.25, .
(Data link layer) - OSI, , (); , (); (); (); ; ( ); ; ; ( ); ( ).
:
- LLC ;
- MAC .
, (Frame; Data frame) - OSI - , . . . .
(Frame preamble) - OSI, .
(Switch) - , . OSI. : ; ; .
(Bridge) - , . OSI. . , .
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(Frame relay) - , "-", OSI.
