, , . , . , .
, . , , , . IPX/SPX Novell, TCP/IP, Internet UNIX, OSI , DECnet Digital Equipment .
:
;
;
.
: , , . .
DDP (Datagram Delivery Protocol ). Apple, Apple Talk.
IP (Internet Protocol Internet). TCP/IP, .
IPX (Internetwork Packet eXchange ) NWLink. Novel NetWare, .
NetBEUI(NetBIOS Extended User Interface ). IBM Microsoft, NetBIOS.
. .
ATP (Apple Talk Protocol Apple Talk) NBP (Name Binding Protocol ). Apple Talk.
NetBIOS ( ). NetBIOS , NetBEUI .
SPX (Sequenced Packet eXchange ) NWLink. Novel NetWare, .
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol ). TCP/IP, .
. .
AFP (Apple Talk File Protocol Apple Talk). Macintosh.
|
|
FTP (File Transfer Protocol ). TCP/IP, .
NCP (NetWare Core Protocol NetWare). Novel NetWare.
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol ). TCP/IP, .
HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) .
OSI
OSI OSI .3.1. OSI , . GOSIP. OSI OSI
. ! .. 1 OSI
OSI Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, LLC, X.25 ISDN.
, , .
OSI , . , , . 5 , 0 4, .
, , . ( .500), (.400), (VT), , (FTAM), (JTM). ISO .