.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





, , , , OSI. , , , . OSI, , , , .

, , . , Internet. , Internet, . Web- , , , , , - chat, ( News), .

( ) , , , Internet, , chat, .

Internet , . Web-, , . - intranet, , Internet . intranet Web, Internet , , , Internet .

- .

, . , .

. 5.2. : S (switch) - , - , R (router) - , MUX (multiplexor)- , UNI (User-Network Interface) - - NNI (Network-Network Interface) - - . , , - DCE, .

. 5.2.

() , . (), , - , cell. , , . , frame relay , .

, , . , , , , , .

. , , , . , , . , , , . , - . - , .

- . ( ), .

, . . 5.2. : , , R MUX, ( ). , DTE (Data Terminal Equipment). ( ), DTE - .

, , . , (remote bridges), - , - . , , , , , , . - (, IP IPX) , , frame relay, , .

- . , - , , , , . , , . - , , - , - . , . - . , , - frame relay, ATM.

, DTE DCE (Data Circuit terminating Equipment) . DCE : , DSU/CSU TDM () ISDN. DTE DCE , - Customer Premises Equipment, CPE.

, , . - , .

- (User-to-Network Interface, UNI). , , UNI (, .25).

, -(Network-to-Network Interface, NNI), . , , , , , . , , -, -, , . NNI , , .

. 5.2 - . , , . 2-3 , , .

, , . 5.2, .

. , , . , .

, , , :

;

;

.

, , . , .

 


44. : SLIP, DL, PPP.

SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) OSI TCP/IP IP-. - -. PPP.

SLIP 80- 3COM. Berkeley Unix 4.2 (Rick Adams) 1984, COM-, . .

IP-, SLIP .

SLIP IP. SLIP IP . IP- .

UART: 8 (8 data bits), (no parity), (EIA hardware flow control) - (3-wire null-modem CLOCAL mode).

-, IP- (). SLIP- END (0xC0). - (byte stuffing) ESC- 0xDB, END (0x0) (0xDB, 0xDC), ESC (0xDB) (0xDB, 0xDD).

IP-.

IP.

, TCP.

- (+20 %), SLIP- IP-(+20 ) , -.

1006 Berkeley Unix.

 

High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) -[1] OSI, ISO.

HDLC ISO 13239.

HDLC , - (ABM).

() (Primary terminal) . . - .

() (Secondary terminal) , . 1 .

(Combined terminal) , . . -.

3 :





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