DNS- , .... .....
.... DNS- ( ), , , IP- . .... ....., DNS- .
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, . DNS , . , DNS , . DNS . .
DNS (Domain Name System) - , Internet. DNS IP- . DNS , IP-.
DNS . - DNS- DNS-. DNS- IP-. Internet. DNS IP- DNS IP , IP-.
DNS-, , - DNS- , , DNS-. DNS- , Internet. , . - , , .
DNS , , ( ) .
DNS- DNS-, IP . DNS . DNS- - , IP- . "" ( ) DNS-, - , , . . (www.ya.ru), .
DNS DNS- ( DNS- ).
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, . DHCP , . , DHCP , . DHCP . .
IP- . . , , .
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) , . DHCP IP-. , , DHCP .
DHCP -. - DHCP, "", discover (), DHCP- . DHCP-, , offer (), IP- .
- DHCP "" DHCP-. , "" request () DHCP-, .
DHCP- DHCP-acknowledgment (), IP-, , . , DHCP- . , , "", TCP/IP. -, , . DHCP-, IP- , IP-.
DHCP . -, DHCP DNS. , DNS IP-. IP- DHCP, DNS. DNS DHCP ( Dynamic DNS), .
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-, IP- . , SNMP, IP-. , IP-.
, : DHCP- IP- . DHCP, IP-.
DHCP- DHCP- Active Directory. DHCP- , . DHCP-, Active Directory, Active Directory ( IP-). IP- DHCP-, DHCP- , .
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, . OSI. , . , . . , .
(. . hub ) , Ethernet . , .
OSI, . :
, ;
;
(, Ethernet FDDI );
;
.
(. . switch ) , . , , , . , ( ) , .
OSI, MAC-.
( ), MAC- . , . - . , MAC- -, . , , , MAC- , , . MAC- - , . , . .
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. Ethernet, , , . , , , . , , . , .
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, , . , .
, . , , . , , , .
, , , . , , - .
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, . , .
1 2, 3 4 , , , , .
, , . - .
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13. STP , ( ): A-B 3, A-C 1, B-C 1, B-D 5, C-E 1, E-F 2, D-F 1.
. . ID . , , . , ID.
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A | B | C | D | E | F |
3A | 5B | 1C | 5D | 2E | 2F |
B: 5B C: 1C 5B | A: 3A C: 1C D: 5D 5B | A: 3A B: 5B E: 2E 5B | B: 5B F: 2F 5B | C: 1C F: 2F 2E | D: 5D E: 2E 5D |
5B C | 5B A, E | 5B F | 5D E | ||
C: 5B 5B | A: 5B 5B | C: 5B F: 5D 5B | D: 5B 5B | ||
5B F | |||||
E: 5B 5B |
. , , . , . , . .
A | B | C | D | E | F |
∞ | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | |
B: 0+3=3 B: 3 | B: 0+1=1 B: 1 | B: 0+5=5 B: 5 | |||
C: 1+1=2 C: 2 | A: 3+1=4 B: 1 | C: 1+1=2 C: 2 | D: 5+1=6 F: 6 | ||
E: 2+2=4 E: 4 |
, , , .
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14. , . , , , . , , .
:
1. " ",
2.
3. ( : 64 ).
4. , , , .
, (MAC , IP!). , .
, , , . . ( 1), , .
, , , . 64 .
, . . , , , , . , , ? -, . , 100- . , , , .
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, .
, , , . , . , , (, ) . , , , , , .
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16. , . , : . , . , .. .
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: , !
:
- ;
- .
, , .
. 9.1 9.6 . , 9.6 , . , , 51.2 , - 50 . .
, . , . , . , .
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, . . MAC . , .. , , .. . , .
, . ( ), OSI. .
" " (Source routing bridge)
"", , (transparent bridge) .
, .
" " , . , , . , - (Explorer frame). , , ( ). - , . - .
"" :
( ),
( ),
( , , ).
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( ). .
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.. , . , . - , .
( ). . , ( , ) . ? : ,
, ( , ).
, , , , (, Ethernet FDDI). , - c .
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