.
1. s-, p-,d- .
2. (, N, , g, , S,N, F, Cu, Zn, Mn) - , , .
3. ' s-, p-,d- .
4. - .
.
1. : ,S, N, Cu, F.
_________________
1 , , .
N2S4, 2S4, S4, .
1. +, N+, 2+ ? ____________________________________
________________________________________________
2 .
.
1. ? ? ? ____________
________________________
2. 䳿 .
____________________________________
3 .
5-6 5-6 ,
. , .
1. 䳿 . ____________
2. ? ______________________________________________________
4 .
, 1 .
1. ? ?____________________________________ ____________
2. . .
________
5. . . . . 1. ? ? . ________2. ? ____________________________________
6. d- (F2+, F3+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Mn2+).
| F2+ | F3+ | Cu2+ | Zn2+ | Mn2+ | |
| N | F()2↓ | F()3↓ | Cu()2↓ | Zn()2↓ | Mn()2↓ |
1. (F2+, F3+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Mn2+).
:
|
|
|
1.___________2.___________3.___________4.___________5.___________
:_________________ ______________
:
1. ._______________
____________________________________________________________
2. . _________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
3. ' s-, p-,d- . ________
4. :
Cu + HNO3(p) → Cu(NO3)2 + NO + H2O
________________________________________________
Pb(NO3)2 → PbO + NO2 + O2 ________________________________________________
Cl2 + NaOH → NaClO + NaCl + H2O ____________________________________
|
1. : N, 1, C, Br.
________
2. :
SO2 + NaIO3 + H2O → NaI + H2SO4 ________________________________________________
KCrO2 + PbO2 + KOH → K2CrO4 + K2PbO2 + H2O
________________________________________________3. ? ? , N2S3 ? . . ____________________________________________________
2 __________
: .
:
: . . . . - . - . - . , . , , , . . .
: ;, , ;; - ; - ;; , - . , , ; ; , .
: ; . : , , , ;
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.
1. . 2. : , , , , .
3. . 4. . 5. . 6. . .
7. ?
8. ?
9. , ?
10. ? .
11. ? ?
12. , , ?
13. , ?
14. ?
15. ?
16. .
.
. (, , ). . , (, ). 쳿 . ' , . (, ) ' .
, , .
- , ( ), ' , .
. (1893). ( ) , .
s -, p-, d-, f - .. 뺺, , (, , S).
(N3; 2, , 20) , .
:
, :
4[F(N)6] - (II) ;
N[1()4] - (III) .
: (-, -, -, -, - .), (NH3-; 2-; -Ѳ-). - . ;
, :
[g(NH3)2]1 - ();
[(2)6]3 - (III).
: , , ;
, :
[1(2)313] - ;
[t(N3)2(N)2] - .
, , , .
|
|
|
:
ü , , [t(N3)2(N)2], [g(N3)2]1;
ü , , [1(2)313];
ü - , , 3[Fe(N)6].
, . , , 1(S4)2122 (볺 ); , -, 3[1()6];
ճ
1. , +3
[Cr(2)51], [Cr(2)412], [Cr(2)2 (24)2].
2. , , :
4[t16] _________________________________________________________________
N3[1()6] ________________________________________________________________
N2[Sn()4] ________________________________________________________________
[(2)6]3 ________________________________________________________________ [t(NH3)31]1_______________________________________________________________
[u(N3)4] SO4 _______________________________________________________________
3. :
[(2)6]12_________________________________________________________________ 3[(NO2)6]; _________________________________________________________________
3[1()6];_________________________________________________________________
Na3[Cr(CN)6] _________________________________________________________________
4. , :
) () _____________________________________________
) ()____________________________________________
) () __________________________________________
) (V) ______________________________________
5. - :
) 4[F(N)6] uSO4; ) Na3[Co(CN)6] FeSO4; ) 3 [F(N)6] AgNO3, , .
)___________________________________
)___________________________________
)___________________________________
1 Fe3+ Fe2+.
) () 3[F(N)6] ( ).
2-3 () 1-2 .
1. ? ?________________________________________
________________________
2. .
________________________________________________
3. () () ? ____________________________________
) () 4 [F(N)6] ( ).
2-3 () 1-2 .
1. ? ?________________________________________ ____________
2. .
________________________________________________
3. () () ? ____________________________________
|
|
|
6. , .___________________________________________________ ________________________________
7. .
1
1. . 2. ( , ).
3. ³ .
_______ ______%.
___________________________________________________________
8. ? ? ____________________________________
9. ? ____________________________________
10. , ? ____________________________________
:_________________ __________________________________________________________
:
1. , , :
[Pt(NH3)Cl5]_________________________________________________________________
Li[Co(CN)4H2O]_______________________________________________________________
Cu2[Fe(CN)6]_________________________________________________________________
3[Co(NO2)6]_________________________________________________________________
2. ?
Na3[Co(NO2)6] ↔ ___________________________________________________________ K[AuCl4] ↔________________________________________________________________ [Cr(H2O)6]Cl2 ↔____________________________________________________________
KCr(SO4)2 ↔______________________________________________________________
CuCl2 2KCl ↔_____________________________________________________________
3. - : [Ag(NH3)2]Cl N3.
________________________________________________
4. , :
1. () ________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________
3. (V)________________________________________
4. ()______________________________________________________
1. : () , () , ().
2. : Na[Aul4], Na3 [AlF6 ], Na [Cr()4] K3 [CrC16]
3. , Na3[Co(CN)6], [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2 , 2 [bI 4].
4. , : +2 +2 +1. [Cu (N3 )4], [Hg (SCN)4], [Au(CN)2]
5. : () , , () .
6. Fe () ?
7. 1 0,1 / (M(H2S4) = 98 /) :
)19,8 H2S4;
) 9,8 H2S4;
) 29,8 H2S4;
) 19,6 H2S4;
) 4,9 H2S4.
______________________________________________ _________________ ______________ _ _______________________________________________ _________________ ______________ _ _______________________________________________ _________________ _______________________________________________
.
.1 .. : / .. , .. , .. ; . . .. dz. .: , 2010. 496 . .78-95,23-45
.2 : ./.., .. , .. .; . .. ... - .:, 2008.-400 . .43-54,106-190
.3 .., .. : ..-.: ,2007.-168 .18-28,28-57
3 ______________
: . ó . :
: . , . . . . . . () .ó . , . . . . 䳿. . . . , , .
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: ; , . : , , , , , , , , , .
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1. ? ? 2. , ?
3. ?
4. ? 5. , . ?
6 ? . 7. ? 8. . 9. ? . 10. ? 11. . 12. . 13. , : 34, ()2, 12(S4)3, u(NO3)2, N3, N1, F()3, 427.
14. .
15. ? , ?
16. , : KNO3, Cr2(SO4)3, AlI3, CaCl2, K2SiO3.
17.³ ?
18. ?
19. ?
.
1 -
| Գ | ||
| () ѳ | 1,65 6,75 7,36 8,65 | 0,9-2,0 5,6-7,9 7,25-7,44 8,6-9,0 |
. 1, ó . :
, ó ( );
, ó ( );
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