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Obligation/moral obligation, necessity




"What do you think he should , -, /

do? (Trevor) ?

You should have told me so / -

before. (. Sha w) .

2. Regret, grief, sorrow:

"/ shouldn't have said that. /

(Cusack) .

The structure of the Ukrainian sentence here may also be different and not correspond to its English original above: ?/! .

3. Advice/recommendation, admonition:

You shouldn't have consulted /

, Esme. (S.Hill) , .


You shouldn't talk bitter like

that, Albert, Miss Jackson re- , , - -
proved. (K. . Prichard) .

The meaning of the modal verb should in this sentence may also be rendered through the imperative sentence: He , ...

4. Supposition/suggestion, which can be expressed in Ukrainian with the help of modal words or particles, as in the following sentences:

Perhaps I should introduce

friend Cocane to you. ?.../
(B.Shaw) ,

.
It should be about five now. /

(Cusack) '.

The modal verb shouldin the first sentence may also be translated through the particle : , ?

5. Doubt, indignation and some other emotions expressed
through the modal verb shouldmay be also rendered with the help of
some Ukrainian particles and the implicit meaning of the sentence:

Sartorius: I don't know. How .

should I? (B.Shaw) / ?

Why should I wait? (Ibid.) ?

6. Surprise, indignation or pleasure (with the indefinite or
perfect infinitive following the modal verb should). These meanings of
the modal verb shouldare mostly rendered in Ukrainian through the
logical emphatic stress, intonation, particles or through some modal
verbs:

God forbid that I should ever /

say a good word for you! -

(LPHartley) !

don't know why should I ,

think about him. (W.Trevor) .

shouldn't have done that. () .

(B.Shaw) ( .)

The modal verb should m these same sentences above may


 


also be understood and conveyed, when taken isolated from the text, in some other ways. For example, in the second sentence (under point 6) the meaning of should may also be expressed in Ukrainian through the modal verb or :

I don't know why should I He ,

think about him. (Trevor) .

The modal verb should in the third (last) sentence above may also be translated with the help of the modal word :

I shouldn't have done that.

(B.Shaw) .

7. The modal verb should may also express reproval or protest, disappointment, etc., which may be expressed in Ukrainian with the help of the modal words or statives , , or with the help of some modal particles. Cf.:

I don't know why sometimes He ,

should be sneered at. /
(Galsworthy) .

She really should have worn /

the coat. (Cusack) .

In the last sentence above the meaning of should have worn. when under logical or emphatic stress, may be expressed in Ukrainian via the modal words / and the particles , : - /- . Hence, before rendering the meaning of the modal verb should or any other modal verb belonging to those of indistinct or polysemantic contextual meaning, as shall, will, would, the following factors have to be taken into account:

1) the meaning and nature of the modal verb itself;

2) the lexical meaning of the infinitive with which this modal verb forms a predicative unit;

3) the contextual environment of the predicative unit and

4) the traditional preference/choice of the modal verb in the national/target language.

Consequently, in case of the modal verb should preference may often be given not to its seemingly closer Ukrainian equivalent , as it could naturally be expected, but to its stronger modal word/stative , (cf. , , ), which is more common in our language.






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