.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


- .




, x_flags long ios.

:

skipws -

left

right

dec

oct

hex

scientific

fixed

:

width

precision

fill

long a=1000, b=077;

cout.setf(ios::hex | ios::showbase | ios::uppercase);

cout.fill(.);

cout.width(10); cout<<a<<endl;

cout.width(10); cout<<b<<endl;

double d=0.12, c=1.3e-4;

cout.setf(ios::left);

cout.width(10); cout<<d<<endl;

cout.width(10); cout<<c:

, :

-

dec

oct

hex

ws

endl

ends

flush

-

setfill(int) -

setprecision(int)

setw(int)

:

enum io_state

{goodbit=0x00 //

eofbit=0x01 //

failbit=0x02 //

budbit=0x04 //

hardfail=0x08}; //

int rdstate()

int eof() , eofbit

int fail() , failbit, badbit hardfail

int bad() , badbit hardfail

int good() ,

operator void*() , 1

operator!() , 1

36) ++. - , .

:

ifstream -

ofstream -

fstream-

:

-

-

-

-

-

:

- ,

- ,

:

enum open_mode {

in =0x01 //

out =0x02 //

ate =0x04 //

app =0x08 //

trunc =0x10 // ,

nocreate =0x20 // ,

noreplace =0x40 // ,

binary =0x80}; //

- , :

- , -, , .

, .

37) ++. . .

string:

#include <iostream>

#include <string.h>

using namespace std;

void function()

{char s1[80], s2[80], s3[80];

strcpy(s1, old string); //

strcpy(s2, s1);

strcat(s3, s1); // ()

strcat(s3, s2);

if (strcmp(s2, s3)<0) cout<<s2; //

else cout<<s3;

}

void function2()

{string s1, s2, s3;

s1=new string; //

s2=s1;

s3=s1+s2; //

if (s2<s3) cout<<s2; //

else cout<<s3;

}

:

string()

string(const char *)

string(const char *, int n)

string(string&)

:

string& operator=(const string& str)

string& operator=(const char& s)

string& operator=(char c)

:

= >

+ >=

== [ ]

!= <<

< >>

<= +=

:

insert

erase

clear

replace

find

compare

size length

capacity

empty ,

, , .

: ( ) ( )

:

- (vector) , ,

- (deque) ,

- (list) ,

(stack), (queue), (priority_queue).

:

push_front -

pop_front

push_back

pop_back -

insert

erase

[], at

:

- (map)

- (multimap)

- (set)

- (multiset)

- (bitset)

, , - . - pair

value_type -

size_type - ,

iterator -

reverse_iterator -

reference -

:

key_type

:

iterator begin()

iterator end() ,

reverse_iterator rbegin()

reverse_iterator rend() , ,

:

size()

max_size()

empty() ,





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