.
[1] , 1969 , . ARPAnet, , - (Internet Protocol , , IP).
1972 , 50 , .
1973 , , . IP , , . TCP/IP. , National Science Foundation (NSF) NSFnet 5 . TCP/IP ARPAnet "" (backbone) .
, , World Wide Web ( , WWW, 3W, --, ) - (hypertext), .
(Ted Nelson) 1960- , , , , ?!
, WWW, 1980- - (Tim Berners-Lee) (European Laboratary for Particle Physics, ).
1990 (browser), (hyperlinks) on-line. 1991, .
Unix- Mosaic 1993 , 1992 (Marc Andreessen), , (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, NCSA), .
1994, Mosaic Windows Macintosh, - Netscape Navigator Microsoft Internet Explorer, WWW, , , .
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1995 NSF , , . [1]
.
()[2] , Internet.
, , , .
, :
-World Wide Web , , . -E-mail .
-Usenet, News , .
-FTP .
-ICQ .
-Telnet .
-Gopher .
, , , (E-mail, ICQ), , .
WWW, . FTP, , , . Gopher Telnet , .[2]
World Wide Web -
World Wide Web (WWW) - [3], , .
WWW , , , , .
, , .
. , , , .
, , "" " ": , , .
, , , , , - , , .
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WWW , HTTP ( "---", HyperText Transfer Protocol).
WWW WWW-.
WWW-c World Wide Web. HTML (Hypertext markup language). WWW- , , (, ). , , . WWW- " " (. "homepage") , . " " .
Web-, , Web-.[4]
.
30 [4]. . , . , c e-mail . , , (on-line , - ..) e-mail. , e-mail - .
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e-mail , , , , , , , , .
E-mail .
. , , , 1500 . . . , , , . , , . , . , . . . (). [4]
FTP
FTP (file transfer protocol)
, FTP
,
.
UNIX FTP , TCP,
.
, TCP/IP:
-,
-,
FTP .( 2)
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2. FTP
FTP . FTP
. FTP
, ,
anonymous .
, ,
anonymous ftp .
anonymous ftp.
. ,
, anonymous ftp.
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, FTP . -
FTP .
, , , .
anonymous ftp
,
.
FTP [5] ,
. [5]
TELNET
TELNET , , - . , . , - () - ( ).
3. Telnet
Telnet , . ( , TCP) (. Network Virtual Terminal [6], NVT), :
( , );
Telnet, , ( 3).
Telnet-, TCP, , NVT , .
, , . (), ASCII, Binary . , .
\377 (: 255) . \377 \377\377 . , \377 .
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. . , , . , . , . ( ) .
Telnet . , MUD. , , .
telnet TCP, . Telnet .
telnet FTP, telnet ftp.example.net ftp , ( telnet HTTP, IRC ).
, . , , TCP. SSH ( 2), . , Telnet , ( ). Telnet . [6]