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22.
DSSS
, . IEEE 802.11 79 , 20 .
IEEE 802.11 CDMA .
(DSSS) . - 802.11 11.
, , 11 , 11 , 11 .
, , .
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23. DCF
CSMA / CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance - ). , . - , - , . DCF . 802.11 - (. - , .
24. PCF
. . , . .
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25. Bluetooth. Bluetooth
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26.
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27.
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STP
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' , .
STP , ' , ' .
䳿 STP:
1. 1 (Root Bridge).
1) ϳ , (root).
2) BPDU (Hello BPDU) 2 .
3) BPDU (Bridge ID) , , BPDU BPDU . Ethernet , BPDU . ³ (root bridge).
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2. , , . ³ (Root Port)( 1 ).
1) BPDU , , (path cost).
3. ϳ , , , ( ), . , (Designated Bridge), (Designated Port), BPDU, , .
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5. Hello BPDU 2 .
! .
!, .
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30.
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31.
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33. ³
VLAN (. Virtual Local Area Network) ' ) , , , . VLAN , , , . .
VLAN, , , . , VLAN ; - - ' .
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(static VLAN) , ᒺ . ֳ , . , , .
(dynamic VLAN) ᒺ , . , . ᒺ . .
34.
ICMP
ICMP (. Internet Control Message Protocol ) , TCP/IP. ICMP , . ICMP , ping traceroute.
IP- . , , . ICMP , .
ICMP IP (ICMP IP ), ' IP ' TCP/IP. ICMP , '( TCP), ICMP . ICMP ( 12) IP ( ICMP , ICMP ICMP ).ICMP ( 3) .
. ICMP . ( ).
ICMP -, ,
, IP-.
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36. IPv6
IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) IP- IP 6.. IPv4 IPv6 , - 4 (32 ), IP, IPv6 16 (128 ). 340 (3,4x1038) 5x1028 .
IPv6 , .
: 2001:0db8:11a3:09d7:1f34:8a2e:07a0:765d
Version | Prio | Flow Label | ||
Payload Length | Next Header | Hop Limit | ||
Source Address | ||||
Destination Address | ||||
:
- Version: ; IPv6 6 ( 0110).
- Prio: (8 ). . 6 DSCP .[4][5] ECN .[6]
- Flow label: (. ).
- Payload length: Total length IPv4 (16 ). , , 64 . Jumbo payload [7].
- Next header: (. IPv6 extension), . Next header (TCP, UDP . .)
- Hop limit: time to live IPv4 (8 ).
Source Address Destination Address: ; 128 .
37. SNMP
SNMP .
SNMP , TCP/IP IPX/SPX. , , MIB.
SNMP , . . ³ :
getRequest - .
getNextRequest .
getResponce SNMP getRequest getNextRequest.
set - . .
track .
SNMP:
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USB .
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WiF, , . ³ . IP- .
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