, , . - . , . .
t N(t) , dN, dt N(t).
(1) |
(1)
(2) |
No - t = 0.
, , T1/2
(3) |
Ce
(4) |
A - ,
(5) |
1 2, 3,
(6) |
N1(t) N2(t) - , - 1 2 . (6) N1(0) = N10; N2(0) = 0
(7) |
, A1(t) A2(t)
(8) |
.. . .
(9) |
, ( ) .
(10) |
.
(11) |
, , , .
3. () () , α_, β_, γ_, (n) . ( ), ( ). α_ β_ , , . , , , , 5 . , α_ (, -226) β_ ( -60), γ_ . γ_ , . , γ_ , , , (4), , .
|
|
4. ,
I.
1. , ( - ), 27 21 1995 . N 170- " " ( , 1995, N 48, . 4552; 1997, N 7, . 808; 2001, N 29, . 2949; 2002, N 1, . 2; N 13, . 1180; 2003, N 46, . 4436; 2004, N 35, . 3607; 2006, N 52, . 5498; 2007, N 7, . 834; N 49, . 6079; 2008, N 29, . 3418; N 30, . 3616; 2009, N 1, . 17, N 52 (1 .), . 6450), 3 1997 . N 240 " , , " ( , 1997, N 10, . 1180; 2005, N 7, . 560; 2009, N 18, . 2248); 29 2008 . N 404 " " ( , 2008, N 22, . 2581; N 42, . 4825; N 46, . 5337; 2009, N 3, . 378, N 6, . 738, N 33, . 4088, N 34, . 4192; 2010, N 5, . 538, N 10, . 1094) 30 2004 . N 401 " , " ( , 2004, N 32, . 3348; 2006, N 5, . 544; N 23, . 2527; N 53, . 5587; 2008, N 22, . 2581; N 46, . 5357, 2009, N 6, . 738, N 33, . 4081; 2010, N 9, . 960).
2. , ( - ) , ( - ).
3. , , , , ( , , ).
4. :
1) * ( - ) ;
2) ** ( - ) :
) ;
|
|
) () ;
) , ( ) .
5. , .
.
6. , , .
.
7. , , , , , , .
, , .
- 5 .
8. , , - , .
, , , 10 .
, .
9. , , , . , , .
, , .
10. , , , ( : " ...").
, , .
11. .
12. .
13. , , .
14. , .
15. , , , , , , .
16. :
1) ( ) ;
2) ;
3) ( ) ;
|
|
4) .
5. - , , , .
: - , , ; - ; - ; - , ; - - , ; - , . , , , Zr, Ti, Th TR (, , , , , , .), .
: ( 0,3% U), (0,1-0,3%), (0,05-0,10%), (0,03-0,05%) (0,01-0,03%). ( ) 50, - 10 50, - 1 10, - 0,2-1,0 - 0,2.
, , , , . ( ) - P ( , U TR) - - ( Th, Zr, Ti), ( Au) ( Au). , , . ( ) -, - -. - - - , . (- ) . , Se, Re, Mo, V, Sc ( , . , ).
- , , , "" "" ( ) ( ) . , ( , ). "" ( ). , . ( -) -, . ( .. ), - ( Pb, As, Zn . ), -, - ( Zr, Th). : , , ( - ), ( - ). , , . . - P, . , , , , (), ( - ). "", ( -, - .) ( -). , - , . : , , , . - ( -), 1200 U, 32 . Cu 1200 Au. ( ) , ( "" ), ( , - ), ( ), ( - ), . , ( ), Ti, Th, Zr, Nb, Ta, TR.
|
|