( ), . A/AN,c , THIS/THESE - THAT/THOSE, MANY/A LOT OF, FEW()/A FEW(), HE, SHE, IT, THEY - ONE.
e.g. Ive got A friend. HE s got TWO sisters.
Note: clothes (), people (folk) (), police (), cattle (), poultry ( ), offspring ().
e.g. Janes got very MANY clothes. Where ARE the police?
2 (). ˨ A/AN, ( ), , THIS/THAT, MUCH/A LOT, LITTLE () /A LITTLE ( ). IT THAT. :
# | English | Russian | # | English | Russian |
information | applause | ||||
news | / | fun | |||
advice | / | luck | |||
weather | damage | ||||
work | accommodation | ||||
money | 16a | luggage (Br.E.) | |||
knowledge | 16b | baggage (Am.E.) | |||
progress | / | furniture | |||
permission | hair | () | |||
scenery | fruit | () |
e.g. Your advice WAS good. IT helped me a lot.
Where IS the money? I cant find IT.
3 , . :
: | : |
a hair(//) | hair(/) |
a glass() | glass() |
a school(//) | school() |
a room() | room(, ) |
M Units 69, 70 |
B . The Plural.
(E)S.
( 3 Present Simple.)e.g.a boy boys [-z], a girl - girls[-z];
a book books [-s];
a watch watches [-iz], a dish dishes [-iz]
Exception: a house [ ə hau s ] : houses ['hau ziz ]
Note: , (E)S, : barracks (), crossroads (), headquarters (), lens (), works (); news; economics, linguistics, Maths, physics; billiards, dominoes.
:
1 , , - IE-; , - .
|
|
: a lady lad ie s; : a boy bo y s
2 , F(E),
VES [-vz], e.g. an el f el ves, a wi fe wi ves
a half, a knife, a leaf, a life, a loaf,
a scarf, a shelf, a thief, a wolf
Note: -F(E) a chef, a chief, a handkerchief,
a roof, a safe
3 O, :
a) S pianos, photos, kilos, radios, zeros
b) ES potatoes, tomatoes, heroes, echoes
4 :
a m a n m e n a g oo se g ee se
a wom a n wom e n [wimin] a t oo th t ee th
a f oo t f ee t a m ou se - m i ce
5
a child child ren, an ox (, ) ox en
6
():
a) a sheep 2 sheep b) (a) means /
a deer 3 deer (a) species /
a fish a lot of fish (a) series /
(a) craft /
7 .
: e.g. a formula [ə fɔːmjələ] formul ae [fɔːmjə li: ];
a cri sis [ə krai sis ] - cri ses [krai si:z ];
a phenome non phenome na
a cor ps [ə kɔː] cor ps [kɔ: z ]
8 . :
a passer-by passer s -by;
a daughter-in-law daughter s -in law
a man -of-war men -of-war
: a grown-up grown-up s
Note: . :
English . | Russian . | English . | Russian . | |
a gate | clothes | |||
a clock/watch | contents | |||
a sleigh/sledge | customs(house) | |||
grapes | ||||
noodles | ||||
wages | () | |||
goods | ( |
M Unit 79 |
The Possessive Case.
1 () S, , e.g. the boys [-z] book
the girls [-z] doll
the students [-s] answer
the bosss [-iz] office
:
1 : | 2 : |
(E)S, , . . : my frien ds [frendz] sisters my frien ds [frendz] sisters | , S, e.g. those men s wives, his sons-in-law s cars |
2
,
, , , e.g.
the teachers voice
|
|
____________ __s notebook (write in your name) ____________
Note 1: (1) OF (2) noun+noun.
: Marys book ( )
: the pages of the book ( of)
the city centre ( noun+noun)
M Unit 80 A,B,C |
( , noun+noun
,
e.g. a notice board .)
Note 2: , , .
: the decision of the government
or: the governments decision
Note 3: , , , , ,
e.g. Russia s economy; Moscow s traffic; the Mary Celeste s fate; today s lesson; three week s holiday(
M Unit 80 D |
: a three-week holiday.)
Note 4: - , . , .
: We went to Rich and Sallys wedding.
We met Richs and Sallys parents there.
Note 5: (- ONE ),
e.g. Is this your laptop? No, its my Dads.
Whos that man? Its Nick, a friend of Bruces.
house/place, shop, office, e.g. Wheres Ted? Hes gone to Nicks (house).
Hes at the butchers (shop).
Hes at the dentists (office).
Note 6: :
my friends best clothes my best friends clothes
Note 7: , .
: The dog opens ITS mouth when its hot. (ITS = IT IS)
Ive found SOMEBODYS pen. Is it YOURS?
They were holding EACH OTHERS hands.
Old Mr Priestley is so absent-minded that he always takes
SOMEBODY ELSES umbrellas.
3
.
: ˰Toms dog ( , .. Tom )
the boys dog ( , .. boy - )
: ˰yesterdays newspaper : a weeks holiday
Murphy Unit 81 |
Exception: , , , e.g. a childrens doctor ( ), a mens magazine ( ), teenagers clothes ( ), etc.