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SENSATION
Of all the features that distinguish man from animals, the most striking and the most complex is his ability to make sense to himself and to others of the world around him. He perceives, learns, thinks, remembers, and communicates in language and symbol to others. The general term used for the study of these abilities is cognition.
Through the senses we receive information about the world around us. We have at least eleven senses, but the five main ones are taste, touch, smell, hearing, and sight. Each of these senses supplies a different quality of information about our environment, but they normally work in harmony to give us a complex, multi-dimensional impression of the world. The brain is the control centre and the nerves resemble message lines transmitting information from our senses to our brain.
So far we have identified the five basic senses, but these are not the only means that man has for receiving information. The sense of touch, for example, can be divided into four separate sub-senses of pressure, pain, warmth, and cold.
Further body senses include the sense of hunger and thirst, and the sense of body movement. We can walk from place to place because of the automatic nature of our body sense. If we concentrate on each step, we trip over our own feet. The sense of body movement, called the kinaesthetic sense, also tells us our position in space. You could, for example, touch the end of your nose, with your eyes closed, without any other cues or direction. The guidance system by which your finger finds the location of your nose is the way the kinaesthetic sense operates. Kinaesthesis is a sort of muscle sense.
10 .
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(behaviour, decorate, experimented, food, painted, shade, tended to, very few)
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A university in England with colour when the students decided to the dining room walls. They divided it into two rooms and painted one section a of red and the other section blue. Then the same was served in the two rooms. students were aware of the experiment and the feedback was most interesting. In the blue room, the students speak softly, they thought the food was good and the room stayed clean. But in the room that was a shade of red, the students spoke more loudly, they thought the food was poor and the place quickly became untidy. This shows how far reaching the effects of colour on can be.
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1) , there + be.
1. There are many grey clouds in the sky today.
2. There are many ways of explanation of this phenomenon.
3. Are there many good pictures in this book?
4. There are some articles on physiology in this magazine.
5. Is there any progress in his English?
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6. There existed some important theories about its origin.
7. There is no historical museum in this town.
8. There will be much interesting at the meeting tomorrow.
9. There is a big portrait of our president on the wall.
10. There is no reading hall in the university library.
, . .
1. As he went on, the box became (heavy) and (heavy). 2. This is the (beautiful) view I have ever seen in my life. 3. A plane is (fast) than a train. 4. Take some of these sweets. They are very (nice). They are (nice) than the sweets in that box. 5. He worked (hard) and (hard) as the end of the term came nearer. 6. The (tall) trees in the world grow in California. 7. Bobby was a (quiet) child. He was (quiet) than his sister.
3) as... as so... as. .
1. This man is not... young... that one. 2. I am... thin... you. 3. Toms brother is... old.... Pete. 4. Her results are good mine. 5. Our University is old this one. 6. She is... young... Sergey. 7. This woman is.... good... that one. 8. Nick's English is not... good... his friend's. 9. I am not... tall... Michael. 10. These experiments are not long the previous ones.
4) little, a little, few a few. .
1. There is too... soup in my plate. Give me some more, please. 2. He has interesting books. 3. I can't buy this expensive hat today because I have too... money. 4. There are... bears in the City Zoo.5. There was too... light in the class- room and I could not read. 6. This lemon drink is sour. If you put... sugar in it, it will be sweeter. 7. I have... time, so I can't play with you at the moment. 8. The children returned from the wood very sad because they had found very berries. 9. I have... money, so we can go to the cinema. 10. There is... red ink in my pen. Have you got any ink?
5) some, any, every, no . .
1. This is a very easy question - can answer it. 2. Is there... that you want to tell me? 3. We did not know... about his problems because he told us.... 4. I understand... now. Thank you for your help. 5. There is... white in the drawer. What is it? 6. Have they... nephews or nieces? - They have... nephews. 7. Where is the small box? It is on the shelf. - No, there is... there. 8. needs good friends. 9. My parents like doing : cooking, going to museums, visiting friends. 10. Is there... who knows Spanish?
6) , Present Continuous Present Indefinite. .
1. My friend (to be) fond of sports. She (to do) her morning exercises every day. Where (to be) she at the moment? She (to play) tennis at the university courts.
2. For breakfast she (to have) two eggs, a sandwich and a cup of tea. After breakfast she (to go) to school. She (to be) a good student. Marry (to know) German rather well.
3. What magazine you (to read)? It (to be) a French magazine. There (to be) good articles on sports here.
You (to be) interested in sports? - Yes, I.... But I (not to know) French.
4. I (to have) no time now, I (to have) dinner.
7) , Present Perfect Past Indefinite. .
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1. The first-year students (to get) excellent results in psychological tests.
2. He (not to eat) anything cold the day before yesterday.
3. The morning was cold and rainy, but since ten o'clock the weather (to change) and now the sun is shining brightly.
4. You (to play) the piano today?
5. Who (to translate) the second text into Ukrainian language?
6. Look at that nice bird-house on the tree. Mike (to make) it himself. He (to make) it last Sunday.
7. Where you (to put) my new pen? I cannot find it.
8. When they (to arrive) to our city?
9. She (to graduate) from the Agricultural University several years ago.
10. I (to pass) all the exams successfully.
8) , Present Perfect, Present Indefinite, Past Indefinite Past Continuous. .
1. When the young man (to enter) the room, she (to look) at him in surprise. "What you (to want) to tell me?" she (to say). "Why you (to come)?"
2. We (to wash) the floor in our new flat every week.
3. I (to see) this film this week. I like it very much.
4. What he (to do) the whole evening yesterday? - He (to read) a book.
5. It (to rain) hard when I (to leave) home yesterday, so I (to return), (to put) on my raincoat and (to start) again..
6. I (to play) new computer games at five o'clock yesterday.
7. Your younger brother (to return) from the north?
- Yes, he (to come) a few days ago.
8. For breakfast she usually (to have) two eggs, a sandwich and a cup of tea.
9. What you (to do) when I rang you up?
10. Where (to be) your elder brother?
- He just (to come) home. He (to take) a cold shower in the bathroom now.
9) , : Future Indefinite, Future Continuous Future Perfect.
1. You (to do) this important work by next Sunday?
2. When you (to go) to see your old friend next time?
3. My father (to come) home at seven o'clock tomorrow.
4. Tomorrow I (to begin) doing my homework as soon as I come from school.
5. I (to do) my homework in English from three till six.
10) , Past Indefinite or Past Perfect. , .
1. We (to be) sure that they (to know) that rule quite well.
2. They (to tell) me that you (to get) an excellent mark.
3. She (to be) upset as she (to lose) the key to the front door.
4. By the 1st of September all the children (to return) from the country.
5. They (to eat) all the ripe apples which I (to bring).
